DRILLING FLUIDS The key to making the rotary drilling system work is the ability to circulate a fluid continuously down through the drill pipe‚ out through the bit nozzles and back to the surface. The drilling fluid can be air‚ foam (a combination of air and liquid or a liquid. Liquid drilling fluids are commonly called drilling mud. All drilling fluids‚ especially drilling mud‚ can have a wide range of chemical and physical properties. These properties are specifically designed for
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study. The question was that‚ would the production rate of citric acid (CA) by Aspergillus niger ATCC9642 from whey can be affected by different specific concentration of sucrose‚ glucose‚ fructose‚ galactose riboflavin‚ tricalcium phosphate and methanol in surface culture process? The focus of the investigation was to produce citric acid by
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erical methPage 48 Licentiate Thesis / Nenad Glodic 6 NUMERICAL INVESTIGATIONS 6.1 Numerical Method Numerical simulations are carried out employing a commercial CFD code (ANSYS CFX v11). The solver is using a full-scale time-marching 3D viscous model. Underlying equations‚ three dimensional Navier-Stokes equations in their conservation form‚ are being solved by using a Finite Volume method‚ where equations are integrated over the finite control volumes. Thereby‚ the solution domain is subdivided
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• Regular (industrial) grade offers a minimum assay of 96%‚ a maximum methanol content of 2.5%‚ and a maximum water content of 1.5%. • High purity grade offers a minimum assay of 99.5%‚ a maximum methanol content of 0.10%‚ and a maximum water content of 0.05%. In many applications‚ Eastman methyl acetate can be an effective replacement for acetone and other fast-evaporating solvents. Strength—assay Methanol Water Acidity as acetic acid Color‚ PCS Some common cleaning applications
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Introduction The thin aerofoil theory is very useful as it relates values of lift to small angles of attack for aerofoils with low camber and thickness without taking into account the viscosity of the flow. The thin aerofoil theory assumes that the flow is 2 dimensional‚ inviscid and incompressible. It can be used to predict pressures and forces on very thin cambered surfaces with the thickness approaching zero‚ along with finding the lift
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1. INTRODUCTION A diesel engine is an internal combustion engine that uses the heat of compression to initiate ignition to burn the fuel‚ which is injected into the combustion chamber during the final stage of compression. Diesel engines have wide range of utilization for automobiles‚ locomotives & marines and co-generation systems. However‚ large problem is still related to undesirable emission. The six-stroke engine is a type of internal combustion engine based on the four-stroke
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SC/BIOL 2020.03 Biochemistry Midterm #1 Name: Student ID: Feb 7th‚ 2013 Time: 1 hr and 15 min This test has multiple choice: 24 Marks. Fill in the blanks: 10 Marks Peptide structure: 6 Marks There are a total of 10 pages of this exam. You are allowed to use a non-programmable calculator. For multiple choice: Choose the BEST answer and indicate your choice on the scantron. Please use a pencil. 1 1. Which of the following weak interactions is NOT due to differences in electrical
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CHAPTER 5 STATES OF MATTER INTERMOLECULAR FORCES Intermolecular forces are the forces of attraction and repulsion between interacting particles (atoms and molecules). Attractive intermolecular forces are known as van der Waals forces. van der Waals forces include dispersion forces or London forces‚ dipole-dipole forces‚ and dipole-induced dipole forces. A particularly strong type of dipole-dipole interaction is hydrogen bonding. Dispersion Forces or London Forces Observed between non-polar molecules
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6-21 More oil characteristics • Viscosity is a measure of how well if flows or the “friction” in the liquid water is very low viscosity‚ mayonnaise would be high! Pour point • The lowest temperature at which crude or other refined product flows as a liquid Higher pour points can be more expensive to store and transport‚ because they may need heated “Paraffinic” = low-viscosity and high flammability “Napthenic” = high-viscosity‚ but not highly flammable “Intermediate”
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Characteristics of a Good Hydraulic Fluid Viscosity Viscosity is a measure of a hydraulic fluid’s resistance to flow. It is a hydraulic fluid’s most important characteristic and has a significant impact on the operation of the system. When a hydraulic oil is too thin (low viscosity)‚ it does not seal sufficiently. This leads to leakage and wear of parts. When a hydraulic oil is too thick (high viscosity)‚ the fluid will be more difficult to pump through the system and may reduce operating
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