RECRYSTALLIZATION Group Medical Technology Organic Chemistry Laboratory ABSTRACT Recrystallization is one of the simplest and most widely used technique for purifying organic solids through the differences in solubility at different temperatures. It is also the process in which the solid to be crystallized is dissolved to either a hot solvent or a hot solvent mixture and is cooled in a solution.In this experiment‚ acetanilide‚ the crude product of acetylation of aniline and acetic anhydride
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boom. In the years since‚ a number of people have begun to attack NutraSweet‚ claiming that aspartame can be broken down into three amino acid components‚ aspartate‚ phenylalanine‚ and methanol. All three can be broken down into smaller entities‚ called metabolites‚ which can be toxic. For example‚ methanol‚ or wood alcohol‚ can spontaneously become formaldehyde‚ while phenylalanine can decompose into diketopiperazine‚ which is a carcinogen. In fact‚ conspiracy theorists credit NutraSweet
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS * System: Ethanol – water * Feed rate: 225kmol/h * Feed composition: 28 mol% ethanol * Feed condition: 50% saturated liquid & 50% saturated vapor * 97% of ethanol recovery is required * Operating pressure: 1bar * Distillate composition: 81 mol% ethanol * Column type: Sieve tray column * Operating condition: 70% of flooding Applying material balance to the rectifying section (Eqn 01); V=L+D Applying material balance for the more volatile
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acid (CORROSIVE)‚ about 2 cm3 Propanoic acid (CORROSIVE)‚ about 2 cm3 Benzoic acid (HARMFUL)‚ about 0.2 g Concentrated sulfuric acid (CORROSIVE)‚ 5-10 drops (Note 2) Access to the following alcohols – about 10 drops of each required (Note 3): Methanol (HIGHLY FLAMMABLE‚ TOXIC) Ethanol (HIGHLY FLAMMABLE and HARMFUL if using Industrial Denatured Alcohol‚ IDA) Propan-1-ol (HIGHLY FLAMMABLE‚ IRRITANT) Butan-1-ol (HARMFUL) One or more other alcohols‚ as available‚ from: Butan-2-ol (IRRITANT)
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Amrita VISHWA VIDYAPEETHAM (University established u/s 3 of UGC Act 1956) Amrita Entrance Examination – Engineering PHYSICS‚ CHEMISTRY & MATHEMATICS Question booklet Version Code Question booklet no. Number of pages Number of questions Time 120 : 3 hrs Max. Marks : 360 Registration number Name of the candidate Signature of the candidate INSTRUCTIONS TO THE CANDIDATES GENERAL 1. Any malpractice or attempt to commit malpractice in the examination hall will lead
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Experiment #9 – Identification of Aldehydes and Ketones Introduction Aldehydes and ketones share the carbonyl functional group which features carbon doubly bonded to oxygen. In the case of ketones there are two carbon atoms bonded to the carbonyl carbon and no hydrogens. In the case of aldehydes there is at least one hydrogen bonded to the carbonyl carbon; the other attachment may be to a carbon or a hydrogen. In all cases the carbon(s) that are attached to the carbonyl group may be aliphatic (not
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Hypothesis: I think that in this experiment the results of the boiling point of each sample is going be slighly different from what I found on Internet. aim: my aim is to look at what temperature and how long the following alcohol (methanol‚ I-butanol‚ Ethanol and Hexane) reach their boiling point and comparing the results that I found on internet and mine. Materials: Alcohol: Ethanol‚ I-Butanol‚ Ethanol and Hexane Four Test tubes (boiling tube) Test tubes holder Data logger Hot plates Bunsen
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The HLB System hydrophilic-lipophilic balance value “A numerical representative of the hydrophilic and lipophilic tendencies of the material” - used most in the rational selection of combinations of nonionic emulsifiers - stable o/w emulsion can be prepared by utilizing HLB method HLB Value • Depends on the ratio of hydrophilic and lipophilic portion - low HLB values soluble/ disperse in oil - high HLB value soluble/ disperse in water • Determined by the chemical composition and degree of ionization
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Experience in dealing with Vessel Owners‚ Charterers‚ Vessel Operators‚ Agents. • Full knowledge of Marine Insurance‚ H&M policies‚ Loss Prevention ‚ COFR – Marine Policies‚ Cargo Insurance‚ liquid cargo & their properties‚ density‚ Viscosity etc. • Good knowledge of PORTS & Restrictions‚ Customs‚ Port Authorities ‚experienced in maintaining Target Achievements. Full Knowledge of Vessel operations. • Coordinated FIFO‚ Computed dispatch and demurrage including
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-13µl ammonia is added‚ then vortex. -Complexing reagent is added (0.8ml)‚ then vortex. Solid phase extraction (SPE) MET & Cat: -Take 1ml methanol. -1ml ammonia buffer (0.2M) is added. -The sample is added. -1ml of ammonia buffer + MeOH is added. -Dry using the centrifuge at high speed for 2 to 5 mins.
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