EC1403 MICROWAVE ENGINEERING UNIT-1 - BASIC MICROWAVE COMPONENTS INTRODUCTION TO F MICROWAVE ENGINEERING Modern electromagnetic theory was formulated in 1873 by James Clerk Maxwell solely from mathematical considerations. Maxwell’s formulation was cast in its modern form by Oliver Heaviside‚ during the period 1885 to 1887.Heinrich Hertz‚ a German professor of physics understood the theory published by Maxwell‚ carried out a set of experiments during 1887-1891 that completely
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loosely‚ allowing them to flow freely to other nearby atoms. The second requirement is the presence of a power source. Whatever its form‚ a source of electrical current creates what is called a voltage difference‚ which pushes electrons through the circuit. The chemical reactions inside batteries produce voltage differences between one end of the cell and the other that result in electrical current. Lastly‚ electrical current requires a closed circuit‚ a length of conducting material connected at
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Using Pulse-Width Modulation and Audio Sampling Techniques to Construct an Audio Player with a Field-Programmable Gate Array John C. Greavu III University of Minnesota‚ School of Physics and Astronomy I. INTRODUCTION 8-bit and 16-bit audio players were built by employing pulse-width modulation (PWM) techniques with a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Basic PWM and audio playing methods are explained in detail. A sigma-delta modulation module‚ specifically‚ was programmed into a Basys
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P SoC A Device Study SEMINAR REPORT Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of Bachelor of Technology in ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING of MAHATMA GANDHI UNIVERSITY By JINJU P.K (65232) Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Rajagiri School of Engineering and Technology Rajagiri Valley‚ Cochin - 682 039 2010-2011 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING CERTIFICATE Certified that
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Table of Contents List of tables 3 List of Figures 4 1Introduction 5 2 Circuit diagram 6 3 Circuit components 7 3.1 LDR 7 3.2 Resistors 8 3.2.1 Color code 8 3.3 IR LED 9 3.4 LED 11 3.5 OP-AMP 12 3.5.1 OP AMP LM 324 13 3.6 Transistor 15 3.6.1 Transistor 2N2222 15 3.7 SCR 16 3.7.1 SCR C106MG 18 C106MG 19 3.8V Battery 19 3.9 Photo diode 20 Principle of operation 21 3.9.1 IR Photo diode 21 3.10 Switches 22 3.11 Buzzer 23 3.11.1Mechanical buzzer 24 3.11.2 Electromechanical buzzer 24 3.11.3 Piezo buzzer
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Universita degli Studi di Torino Dipartimento di Informatica Using Arduino for Tangible Human Computer Interaction Fabio Varesano Advisor: Prof. Luca Console Co-Advisor: Prof. Marco Grangetto Laurea Magistrale in Metodologie e Sistemi informatici April 2011 Abstract This thesis presents the results of a nine months internal stage at the De- partment of Computer Science‚ Universita degli Studi di Torino. During my stage‚ supervised by Prof. Luca Console‚ I experienced with electronics
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International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive System (IJPEDS) Vol.1‚ No.2‚ December 2011‚ pp. 139~147 ISSN: 2088-8694 139 Microcontroller Based Single Phase Digital Prepaid Energy Meter for Improved Metering and Billing System Md. Mejbaul Haque1‚ Md. Kamal Hossain2‚ Md. Mortuza Ali3‚ Md. Rafiqul Islam Sheikh3 Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering‚ Khulna University of Engineering & Technology‚ Khulna-9203‚ Bangladesh 2 Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Engineering‚ Dhaka
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Unit 5 The objective of this lesson is to: Give definition in astable‚ monostable‚counters To be able to familiarize the functions and use of a monostable Circuit To be able to know how to create and manipulate the parts or the materials that are going to be use during and after this activity. The Astable Multivibrator Regenerative switching circuits such as Astable Multivibrators are the most commonly used type of relaxation oscillator because not only are they simple‚ reliable and ease of
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feedback control - 8.1 8. FEEDBACK CONTROL SYSTEMS Topics: • Transfer functions‚ block diagrams and simplification • Feedback controllers • Control system design Objectives: • To be able to represent a control system with block diagrams. • To be able to select controller parameters to meet design objectives. 8.1 INTRODUCTION Every engineered component has some function. A function can be described as a transformation of inputs to outputs. For example it could be an amplifier that
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induction. While transferring electrical energy‚ its frequency does not change. When the transformer raises the voltage i.e. when the output voltage of transformer is higher than input voltage‚ it is called step up transformer and when its output is lower than input‚ then it is called step down transformer. The distribution transformer is the step down transformer that reduces the voltage to domestic use. Since‚ its basic construction requires no moving parts‚ so it is often called static transformer
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