Introduction Weathering is the breakdown and alteration of rocks and minerals at or near the Earth’s surface into products that are more in equilibrium with the conditions found in this environment. Most rocks and minerals are formed deep within the Earth’s crust where temperatures and pressures differ greatly from the surface. Because the physical and chemical nature of materials formed in the Earth’s interior are characteristically in disequilibrium with conditions occurring on the surface.
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of electrons lost and gained in the half reactions must be equal. The overall redox reaction becomes: MnO4¯ + 5 Fe+² + 8H+ → Mn+² + 5 Fe+³ + 4H2O (3) Potassium permanganate is widely used as an oxidizing agent in volumetric analysis.Since the MnO4 ion is a deep pink-violet colour and the Mn2+ ion is nearly colourless‚ the end point in titrations using KMnO4 can be taken as the first pink colour that persists in the solution. In titration ‚ permanganate solution is
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Biochemistry class. Materials In this experiment‚ the materials used were 0.1M ferric Chloride Solution‚ ascorbic acid‚ 10 phenanthroline solution‚ acetate buffer solution‚ 100mm test tubes‚ spectrophotometer‚ cuvettes‚ 5mL volumetric pipettes‚ droppers‚ 1mL volumetric pipettes‚ safety goggles‚ rubber gloves‚ and aprons. Procedure Label six test tubes (1 through 5 and B for blank). A series of 5 test solutions of Ferric Chloride are made by serial dilution. Dilute 1Ml of the stock Ferric
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of the aspirin tablets to occur (once the aspirin tablets have been hydrolysed the solution turns yellow). The mixture was then cooled and was then transferred with care into a volumetric flask using a funnel. The conical flask was then rinsed twice with distilled water and the washings were transferred into the volumetric flask. The funnel was also rinsed with distilled water and the washings were transferred into the conical flask. The solution was then made up to the 250cm3 mark with distilled
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stirrer hotplate 5. 2 magnetic stirring bars 6. Crystallalizing dish (for water bath) 7. 2 beakers 250 mL 8. Contact thermometer 9. Conductivity measuring cell 10. Temperature probe 11. Graduated measuring pipette 15 mL 12. Volumetric pipette 25 mL 13. Volumetric pipette 50 mL 14. 3 pipet bulbs 15. Tea bag Method/Procedures : 1. The apparatus was set – up as shown below in the Figure 1.1 2. 94 mL of distilled water and 49 mL of methanol were pipetted into a beaker which was
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Determination of Vitamin C by Redox Titration with Iodine Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) is an antioxidant that is essential for human nutrition. Vitamin C deficiency can lead to a disease called scurvy‚ which is characterized by abnormalities in the bones and teeth. Many fruits and vegetables contain vitamin C‚ but cooking destroys the vitamin‚ so raw citrus fruits and their juices are the main source of ascorbic acid for most people. One way to determine the amount of vitamin C in food is to use a
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The solution was then stirred and heated on a hot plate‚ for about 1 hour‚ until the hair has dissolved‚ and a dark brown solution was obtained. The solution was then left to cool‚ and then was filtered using a fluted filter paper‚ into a 50ml volumetric flask. The filtrate was then made up to the 50 ml mark‚ using deionised water. An acidic medium helps to stabilise the elements in solution (Puchyr‚ 1998). Check this paper to explain about this method of digestion. Preparation of hair for measurement
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of a base solution. * To learn the technique of titration III. Theoretical Study: 1) Definitions: a. Definition of titration: Volumetric titration consists of the addition of a determined volume of titrating solution with known concentration C1 to an exact volume of solution with unknown concentration C2 to be determined. Volumetric titration is based on a reaction‚ which occurs between the titrating
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Safety goggles Apron Digital scale Buret Buret clamp Erlenmeyer flask Pipet bulb Ring stand Ttransfer pipet‚ 5 mL and 25 mL Volumetric flask‚ 100 mL Stopper Wash bottle Distilled water Weigh boat Beakers‚ IV. Procedures: 1) Use the 5 mL transfer pipet and the pipet bulb to measure 5.00 mL of the commercial bleach and drop into a 100 mL volumetric flask. 2) Dilute to the 100 mL mark with distilled water. Put the stopper on and mix well. 3) Weigh out about 2 g of KI on the digital
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adding 66 cm3 of 50% NaOH‚ and diluting to 100 cm3; concentrated sulphuriv(VI) acid; 0.0125 M sodium thiosulphate solution; starch solution (freshly prepared). Apparatus: 250 cm3 volumetric flask‚ 250 cm3 conical flask‚ measuring cylinders‚ titration apparatus‚ magnetic stirrer Procedure: 1. Use a 250 cm3 volumetric flask to collect water sample. Fill the flask completely with water without trapping any air bubbles. 2. Add 1 cm3 of manganese(II) sulphate solution to the sample using a pipette
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