childhood theorists is‚ Jean Piaget with his theory of cognitive development. Next is Howard Gardner who first took his theory from Piaget’s basis but developed it further into the theory of multiple intelligences. The final theorist to be covered is Lev Vygotsky and his theory of language development. Jean Piaget worked with Alfred Binet in an experimental laboratory on intelligence tests; through this experience‚ he became intrigued by children’s wrong answers and the pattern of inaccuracies associated
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accepted for a line of theorizing and research iniated by L.S. Vygotsky‚ A.N. Leont’ev‚ and A.R. Luria‚ in the 1920s and 1930s‚ the founders of the cultural-historical school of Russian psychology ( Ed‚ Engerstrom‚ Miettinen‚ Punamaki‚ 1999; Engerstrom‚ 2000 ). Chaiklin‚ Hedegaard‚ Jensen ( 1999 ) explain that the roots of activity theory and the cultural historical approach to psychology are in the theory and research of Lev S‚ Vygotsky and Alexei N Leontiev. Similarly‚ Bedney and Meister ( 1997:
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Human Growth and Development “Identify and discuss the six basic concepts of the psychosocial theory.” Erik Erikson was born June 15‚ 1902 in Frankfurt‚ Germany. His father‚ a Danish man‚ abandoned the family before he was born‚ while his Jewish mother later married a physician‚ Dr. Theodor Homberger. In school‚ Erikson was teased by other children because he was tall‚ blonde and blue-eyed – he was considered Nordic – and at grammar class he was rejected because he was
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become invested in their education. The toast for change scene where the student reads from his journal and says he is “home” shows that she has created a safe place for these students and has thus satisfied the need for safety and belonging. Both Erikson and Maslow state that these are needs must be met before learning can take place. Gruwell uses good teaching practices. She is an authoritative teacher who
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Theory Analysis Sigmund Freud - Psychosexual Theory · Basic Philosophy - The basic philosophy is that the sex instinct is the most factor influencing personality; sexual instinct is present at birth‚ but it occurs in stages. The sex instinct provides the driving force for thought and activity. If conflicts from these stages are not resolved fixations may occur. If overindulgence at a stage may result in a person remaining at that stage. Certain personality traits develop from difficulty in
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Traditionally the approaches of theorists have been divided into types. These are three key types of approach to cognitive development: • Constructivist approach. This focuses on children as active learners. Theyâ€TMre interested in how children learn from their experiences‚ and how they learn to understand the world around them. Outlined in Jerome Bruner’s theory “that the learners actively construct their own knowledge based upon the things they know now and have known in the past―. • Behaviourist
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perception of human beings. Different theories of personality adopt different levels of explaining features of human beings. Two theories meet the conditions of personality and theories of development‚ Freud ’s psychoanalytic theory later followed by Erikson ’s psychosocial theory. Freud ’s theory of personality development relates to his theories of personality structure and motivation. His topographical model of personality organisation in psychoanalysis saw psychic life represented by three levels
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As seen above‚ Piaget and Vygotsky don’t have the same opinion about egocentric speech. Piaget thought that when children talk to themselves‚ they do it for their self-centered purposes. Whereas‚ Vygotsky believed that egocentric speech was the key of social learning. Their opinions also differed with respect to the time period of cognitive development. Piaget believed that children go through four stages from birth to adolescence and then they are done‚ while Vygotsky believed that it begins at
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of Erik Erikson is that the early childhood years are very important stages of the development of the personality of an individual. This theory followed many of the principals of theories developed by Sigmund Freud‚ in relation to the id‚ ego and superego and the theory of sexuality in infancy. Erikson disagreed with the theory Freud used in describing personality based only on sexuality‚ and where Freud was under the belief that personality was developed by the age of five years‚ Erikson believed
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Language and Thought Two claims about the impact of language on thinking: 1) Vygotsky: Once acquired‚ language alters the way that children think 2) Whorf: The particular language that children acquire alters the way that they think Piaget (1923) ‘The Language and Thought of the Child’ • Piaget observed what he called ‘egocentric’ speech: young children speak out loud in the presence of others but do not direct their remarks to anyone in particular. • He emphasized that children only slowly
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