TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 Introduction- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2 I. Piaget’s Cognitive Development - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 3 II. Erikson’s Psychosocial Theory of Development - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 III. Kohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development - - - - - - -
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Assimilation and Accommodation Jerome Bruner Discovery Learning Learner as independent problem-solver Cognitivism in the Classroom Inquiry-oriented projects Opportunities for the testing of hypotheses Curiosity encouraged Staged scaffolding Critiques of Cognitivism Like Behaviorism‚ knowledge itself is given and absolute ( a ‘realist’ perspective) Input – Process – Output model is mechanistic and deterministic Does not account enough for individuality Little emphasis on
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important to encourage and create situations where children with different strengths help each other‚ like a child who excels linguistic intelligence may help a child further develop in that area by creating and telling a story together‚ using their ZPD which I‘ll talk about next. Recognizing a child’s intelligences is extremely important in creating an appropriate learning environment for
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Word Count: 4890 What theories of learning and teaching influenced‚ and were developed by‚ your planning‚ teaching‚ assessment and evaluation of a unit of work? Critically evaluate and analyse the contribution of these theories and their application in the unit of work to student attainment. ___________________________________________________________________________ - I cannot teach anybody anything‚ I can only make them think - Socrates Introduction This essay will discuss the influence of pedagogical
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Nancy Bayley’s research is used to this day regarding the physical development of babies and young children. Her research was entitled the ‘Bayley Scales of Infant Development’ and medical institutions use it to this day when measuring the growth of babies from 2 to 30 months. This research was drawn from 16 new born babies‚ where she monitored the motor and physical development. McGraw‚ who practiced at the same time as Bayley and who was also a child psychologist put her research into children’s
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York: W.H. Freeman and Company. Microsoft (1998) ‘Encarta World English Dictionary’ Microsoft Corporation. Smith‚ M. (2003) ’Learning theory ’‚ the encyclopedia of informal education‚ [Online]‚ Available: http://www.infed.org/biblio/b-learn.htm Vygotsky‚ L. (1978) ‘Mind in society: the development of higher psychological processes’‚ in. Gillen‚ J. British Journal of Educational Studies‚ Vol. 48‚ No.2‚ June‚ pp. 183-198. Watkins‚ C.‚ Carnell‚ E.‚ Lodge‚ C.‚ Wagner‚ P. And Whalley‚ C. (2002) Effective
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Children’s language development and second language acquisition Sandra Morales Texas Woman’s University Children’s language development and second language acquisition The paper investigates how children develop their cognitive and language skills in a context that is influenced by social and biological factors. The literature review discusses the Cognitive and Social Constructivism theories and their influence on the education field. In addition the author presents how children develop
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Theories of Development There are many branches of psychology. The field of human development is divided into five theory groups. The theory groups are Psychodynamic‚ Cognitive‚ Systems‚ Biological and Behavioral. Each theory group has many contributing theorists. Some theories overlap while others are independent. Often theories are credible whereas others cause skepticism. There are many contributors to the world of psychology with different views and beliefs about human development. Psychodynamic
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perceive his theory‚ Vygotsky presented the "zone of proximal development." This zone mentioned the difference in a child’s performance when he tries to solve a problem on her own compared with when assistance is provided. As in preschools or kindergarten a child is having difficulty with writing letters .They learn it with the writing tools like tracing letters and with the help of an adult who writes out sample letters . The help from the adult is called scaffolding. The scaffolding in a child’s early
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What is Language? Language is a tool we have been using to understand and develop our thinking. We have been: Learning about the thinking of others by reading Expressing our own thinking through writing Exchanging ideas with others by speaking and listening Thought and language can contribute to clear‚ effective thinking and communication. Language is a system of symbols for thinking and communicating. At 5 years of age human is expected to have; Articulated speech‚ Vocabulary of more than 6000 words
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