Valuation & Accounting Global November 2001 Valuation Multiples: A Primer Global Equity Research www.ubswarburg.com/researchweb In addition to the UBS Warburg web site our research products are available over third-party systems provided or serviced by: Bloomberg‚ First Call‚ I/B/E/S‚ IFIS‚ Multex‚ QUICK and Reuters UBS Warburg is a business group of UBS AG Valuation Primer Series Peter Suozzo +852-2971 6121 s peter.suozzo@ubsw.com Stephen Cooper +44-20-7568
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1) Introduction The case presents an American company Dow‚ producer of commodity chemicals‚ who is in the final stages of acquiring another company Rohm and Haas. Dow’s CEO has been working for four years to transform Dow from a producer of low-value‚ highly cyclical commodity chemicals to a producer of high-value‚ specialty chemicals and advanced materials. Rohm is a perfect match for Dow in respect of the strategic and financial perspective. Dow is also pursuing another key deal with Kuwait’s
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Introduction Forest Labs is a pharmaceutical company that develops‚ manufacture and sell branded forms of ethical drug products most of which require a physician’s prescription. Most of the drags are marketed directly‚ to physicians with a mission that a CEO and President of Forest Labs Howard Solomon in his letter to shareholders defines as “to increase shareholder value by obtaining and successfully marketing more and more fine pharmaceutical products”. Forest`s product pipeline highly depends
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Case Interco Introduction Interco is a shoe company founded in 1911. Its business has spread to other product through acquisitions. Equity analysts saw Interco as a conservative company that was not highly leveraged leading to high financial flexibility. This allowed the firm to repurchase share and make acquisitions when the opportunities were there. Interco has four major divisions; Apparel Manufacturing‚ General Retail Merchandising‚ Footwear Manufacturing and Retailing and Furniture and Home
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Part A After-TAX Cost Debt O’Grandy Apparel Company can calculate the after tax debt cost using YTM (CP + (FV-Nd /n) / FV +Nd /2) *2. Cp is (0.12/2) * 1000= 60 Semi-annually Fv is 1000 Nd is 995 – (0.025* 1000) = 970 N is 20*2 because it is semi-annually then you have to use Kdt= Kd+ (i-T) .The tax bracket is 40 percent. Now we can have the after tax debt when it is equal or smaller than $700000 Kd ( 1-T) = 0.1249 (1-0.4)= 0.07494. If it is more than $700000 it will be KD (1-t) = 0.18(1-0.4)
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Chpt.16 Financial Leverage and Capital Structure Financial Leverage Chapter Outline Financial Leverage Effect of leverage Break-even Analysis Homemade Leverage M&M Propositions (I & II): optimal D/E? No tax Corporate tax Corporate tax & bankruptcy costs Corporate & personal taxes Arbitrage The Capital-Structure Question and The Pie Model The value of a firm is defined to be the sum of the value of the firm’s debt and the firm’s equity. V=E+B If the goal of the management of the firm is
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CHAPTER 13 CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND LEVERAGE (Difficulty: E = Easy‚ M = Medium‚ and T = Tough) Multiple Choice: Conceptual Easy: Business risk Answer: c Diff: E [i]. A decrease in the debt ratio will generally have no effect on . a. Financial risk. b. Total risk. c. Business risk. d. Market risk. e. None of the above is correct. (It will affect each type of risk above.) Business risk Answer: d Diff: E [ii]. Business risk
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* PV(CF) = CF/(1+r)t AKA PV = FV/(1+r)t * NPV = PV(CFs) – Investment = -C0 +C1/(1+r)+C2/(1+r)2+C3/(1+r)3+… = ∑(Expected CFt)/(1+r)t – Investment * Perpetuity – pays a fixed amount C per period forever * P(C‚r) = C/r requires cash flow to begin NEXT period. If begin now‚ then PV = C + C/r * Annuity – fixed stream of cash flows that has a final period t * A(C‚r‚t) = C/r [1-1/(1+r)t] * Growing Perpetuity – G(C‚r‚g) = C/(r-g) C is initial cash flow‚ r is discount rate
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Valuation models Discounted cash flow models: Dividend discount Free cash flow to the firm Residual income Multiples-based valuation: Price-earnings Value-EBITDA Value-EBIT Value-Sales Price-Book value Equity valuation In conjunction with the valuation of Coles Group‚ contained in “Excel03 Equity valuation” Real options valuation Equity markets price shares above the present value of expected future cash flows‚ due to the presence of embedded options not captured by DCF analysis Real
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percent‚ and the market risk premium is 6 percent. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | The impact of capital structure on value depends on the effect that debt may have on -WACC -FCF Debt holders have a prior claim on cash flows
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