This was how Lee Scott‚ CEO of Wal-Mart‚ summarized Wal-Mart’s approach to working in Germany. Wal-Mart had entered the German retail market in 1997‚ with the acquisition of the failing German retail chain Wertkauf‚ and had quickly encountered problems. Wal-Mart’s EveryDay Low Price (EDLP) guarantee‚ inventory control‚ and efficient distribution strategy‚ so strong in the United States‚ had each been a source of headaches. Wal-Mart went through protracted struggles with labor unions‚ with suppliers
Premium Wal-Mart Retailing Discount store
actuality however‚ the chain of variety stores Sam Walton owned during the 1950’s faced stiff competition for many regional discount stores. In 1972‚ Wal-Mart stock was offered for the first time on the New York Stock Exchange. With this infusion of capital‚ the company grew to 276 stores in 11 states by the end of the decade. Also from the company’s official website‚ it is important to note that in 1983 the first Sam’s Club members-warehouse store opened. The first Supercenter opened in 1988‚ featuring
Premium Wal-Mart Discount store Business ethics
Executive Summary Statement of Problem Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) is a proprietary hospital management company that owns and manages chains of hospitals on a for-profit basis. HCA is currently facing a complex financial situation with their ratio of debt to total capital approaching 70%‚ as opposed to a target ratio of 60%. While some investors welcome HCA’s more aggressive use of leverage‚ others are worried that HCA’s capital structure could decrease the company’s current A bond
Premium Health care Management Health insurance
UNIVERSITY On Capital Structure - Trends‚ Determinants & Issues in India with reference to banking sector: A case study of YES Bank. BY Shalini Shashidharan. M.Com. June 2013 Introduction – Background study The theory of capital structure is an important reference theory in any enterprise’s financing policy. The capital structure includes mixture of debt and equity financing and finding an optimal capital structure is one of the most important and
Premium Finance Capital structure Corporate finance
Part 1 1.) provide an overview as follows; type of retailer‚ headquarters location‚ annual volume‚ sales growth trend‚ number of store locations‚ target market‚ geographic markets served‚ products/services offered and channels of distribution provided. Note: this will require use of one of the library data bases‚ such as Hoovers or Data Monitor. Wal-Mart (Wal-Mart) founded in Arkansas in 1962 by American retail legend Mr. Sam Walton and the head quarter is also located in Bentonville‚ Arkansas
Premium Target Corporation Wal-Mart Department store
high‚ relative to book and past market values‚ and to repurchase equity when their market values are low. We document that the resulting effects on capital structure are very persistent. As a consequence‚ current capital structure is strongly related to historical market values. The results suggest the theory that capital structure is the cumulative outcome of past attempts to time the equity market. Introduction “Equity market timing” refers to the practice of issuing shares at
Premium Finance Corporate finance Stock market
Du Pont Case Study Capital Structure Statement of the Problem Determine a capital structure policy suitable for Du Pont in the 1980s and beyond. This paper will consider the history of the company and the turbulent times of the 1960s and 1970s‚ weigh the advantages and disadvantages associated with higher and lower levels of debt‚ and develop a strategy for the future after the merger with Conoco Inc. in 1983. Executive Summary Du Pont has been historically known for its
Premium Finance Corporate finance
THE JOURNAL OF FINANCE • VOL. LIII‚ NO. 4 • AUGUST 1998 Agency Costs‚ Risk Management‚ and Capital Structure HAYNE E. LELAND* ABSTRACT The joint determination of capital structure and investment risk is examined. Optimal capital structure ref lects both the tax advantages of debt less default costs ~Modigliani and Miller ~1958‚ 1963!!‚ and the agency costs resulting from asset substitution ~Jensen and Meckling ~1976!!. Agency costs restrict leverage and debt maturity and increase yield
Premium Capital structure Corporate finance Debt
CHAPTER 13: CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND LEVERAGE 1. A firm’s business risk is largely determined by the financial characteristics of its industry‚ especially by the amount of debt the average firm in the industry uses. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 2. Financial risk refers to the extra risk borne by stockholders as a result of a firm’s use of debt as compared with their risk if the firm had used no debt. a. True b. False ANSWER: True 3. A firm’s capital structure does not affect its free cash
Premium Finance Weighted average cost of capital Tax
CAPITAL STRUCTURE DETERMINANTS THE CASE OF THE KENYAN BANKING INDUSTRY TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION Capital structure refers to the mix of debt and equity which a firm uses to finance its operations. Many theories have been formulated with regard to whether there exists an optimal capital structure mix and the role the various determinants of capital structure play in deciding the mix. The Modern theory of capital structure began with Modigliani and Miller in 1958 (Harris
Premium Capital structure Corporate finance Finance