Decision Support Systems Marek J. Druzdzel and Roger R. Flynn Decision Systems Laboratory School of Information Sciences and Intelligent Systems Program University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh‚ PA 15260 {marek‚flynn}@sis.pitt.edu http://www.sis.pitt.edu/∼dsl To appear in Encyclopedia of Library and Information Science‚ Second Edition‚ Allen Kent (ed.)‚ New York: Marcel Dekker‚ Inc.‚ 2002 1 Contents Introduction Decisions and Decision Modeling Types of Decisions . . . . . . . . . . . . .
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Ethical Decision Making Today much of our time is spent on making decisions which often are not taken by us. Whether to go to college or to buy a house or not or to switch from one job to another etc. are all examples of decisions that we have to make in our day to day life. So‚ what is the role of ethics in making these decisions? First of all‚ what does ethics‚ even mean? As per a dictionary definition‚ ethics refers to the morals associated with decisions or actions that we make in our daily
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What do you see as the main difference between a successful and an unsuccessful decision? How much does luck versus skill have to do with it? How much time needs to pass to know if a decision is successful or not? The ability to decide and choose wisely and rightly is often a matter of how the problem was posed. Though we try to be as logical as possible in taking a decision‚ sometimes we end up making illogical choices or choices that in fact were good but ended up with failure. So‚ it is important
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§ The principles involved in managerial decision making and effective problem solving. The Rational Decision Making emerges from Organizational Behavior. The process is one that is logical and follows the orderly path from problem identification through solution. The Rational Decision Making is a seven step model for making rational and logical reasons: Define the problem The very first step which is normally overlooked by the top level management is defining the exact problem. Though
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Decision Theory Models The Six Steps in Decision Theory * Clearly define the problem at hand. * List the possible alternatives. * Identify the possible outcomes or states of nature. * List the payoff or profit of each combination of alternatives and outcomes. * Select one of the mathematical decision theory models. * Apply the model and make your decision. Case Here we use the Thompson Lumber Company case as an example to illustrate these decision theory steps. John Thompson
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Thinking and Decision Making In every aspect of our daily life we encounter the need to make decision based on critical thinking. The problem lies when we make decision without going to a critical thinking process. If a decision is reach without having done the necessary steps that among them are: setting aside you personal feeling about the situation‚ take into consideration both side if necessary‚ weighting the pros and cons of the answer or decision about to be reach. Decisions are made everyday
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ange of Decisions to be taken The technique I choose for a given decision will be influenced by the importance and complexity of the decision. Decision making without planning is common but usually it doesn’t do the work‚ there is a 20 year of research that have pointed out 50 percent of decisions made have failed and I believed that the reasons half of these decisions made have failed was mostly because of the methods they have used. To look for a good method to make the decision we should plan
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Routine and Intuitive Decisions. The power of intuition in decision making. As our life becomes more dynamic and less structured‚ intuition gains more and more recognition as an essential decision making tool. You have probably heard of experienced decision makers who are able to directly recognize the best option or course of action in many tricky situations. The solution just comes to them from somewhere in their subconscious mind‚ instead of being a result a lengthy chain of logical derivations
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Managers cannot always make right decisions‚ but they can use their knowledge of appropriate decision-making processes to increase the rest. Decision making has been an important procedure in the management whatever in planning‚ organising‚ leading or controlling‚ whereas‚ biases affected managers’ process of decision making usually. This essay will focus on the areas of biases relevant to the decision making‚ the contents are comprised of the types of biases to decision making‚ the disadvantages of biases
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faced with business-related decisions. However‚ the making of such decisions in the real world is often unstructured. The term ‘rational decision making’ epitomises the confusion and widely varying interpretations surrounding this phenomenon. A process-oriented approach may‚ therefore‚ seem different from traditional ways of arriving at a choice. Nevertheless‚ the benefits of adopting such an approach are significant‚ and its use seems certain to improve managerial decision making in organisations.
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