ORIGIN AND INSPIRATION •In 1631‚ Shah Jahan‚ emperor during theMughal Empire’s period of greatestprosperity‚ was griefstricken when his thirdwife‚ Mumtaz Mahal‚ died during the birthof their fourteenth child‚ Gauhara Begum.Construction of the Taj Mahal began in1632‚ one year after her death.The courtchronicles of Shah Jahan’s grief illustratethe love story traditionally held as aninspiration for Taj Mahal. The principalmausoleum was completed in 1648 andthe surrounding buildings and garden werefinished
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recently completed monograph in which I address these issues.2 The Taj Mahal is the Mughals’ great contribution to world architecture‚ and‚ as the contemporary sources reveal‚ it was conceived as such from the very beginning (fig. 1). In the words of Shah Jahan’s early historian Muhammad Amin Qazwini‚ writing in the 1630s: And a dome of high foundation and a building of great magnificence was founded—a similar and equal to it the eye of the Age has not seen under these nine vaults of the enamel-blue
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Contents Sr. No. Title Page No. 1. The Mughal Empire 1-2 2. Mughal Emperors 2-3 3. Nature of Mughal Administration 3-4 4. Administration in Mughal Empire 4-5 5. Administration under Sher Shah 5-6 6. Central Administration 6-9 9 The Emperor 6 10 Wakil and Wazir 7 11 Diwani Kul 7 12 Mir Bakhshi 8 13 Mir Saman 9 14 Sadr-us Sudur 9 15 Qazi-ul Qazzat 9 7. Provincial Administration
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establishment of Islamism‚ and the Organization of African Unity. In 1979‚ after several years of civil resistance‚ strikes‚ and demonstrations‚ the people of Iran overthrew their US-backed leader‚ Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi‚ because of his unjust rule and his ties to the States. Mohammad Reza Shah was put into power during the Iranian coup d’etat by the CIA‚ solidifying the US’s control over Iranian oil‚ which was previously nationalized by the democratically elected Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh
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Mansabdari System The term Mansab literally means the rank of its holder (Mansabdars) in the official ladder in the Mughal system of administration. From that angle the Mansabdars were the paid-service officers of the Mughals. On the basis of merit or service to the state‚ Mansabs were given to both civil and military officers and hence they formed an integral part of the Mughal bureaucracy. The Mansabdars could be transferred from the civil to the military department and vice versa. The Mansabdars
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walks of life to witness this ultimate memorial and few have been unmoved by its unmatched beauty. Not only was the Taj Mahal a symbol of Shah Jahan’s love for his wife‚ it also encompassed a design combing different cultures and was built with a sophistication unknown to the period. Persian for crown and palace‚ the Taj Mahal was built for the wife of Shah Jahan to memoralize her. Jahan’s wife‚ Mumtaz Mahal‚ translate as First Lady of the Palace‚ died after the birth of her 14th child. The Taj
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culture. Maharaja Sawai Pratap Singh built Hawa Mahal in 1779. The pyramid shape of this ancient monument is a tourist attraction having 953 small windows. 2. Taj Mahal Taj Mahal‚ the pinnacle of Mughal architecture‚ was built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan (1628-1658)‚ grandson of Akbar the great‚ in the memory of his queen Arjumand Bano Begum‚ entitled ‘Mumtaz Mahal’. Mumtaz Mahal was a niece of empress Nur Jahan and granddaughter of Mirza Ghias Beg I’timad-ud-Daula‚ wazir of emperor Jehangir
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The Mughal Empire The Mughal Empire was an empire that at its greatest territorial extent ruled most of the Indian subcontinent between 1526 and 1857. It consolidated the Islam culture in South Asia and in result it spread the arts of the Muslim culture and its faith. The Mughal ruling class included the Muslims despite most of the subjects in the empire being Hindu. Zahiruddin Mohammad Babur was the founder of the empire. Under his rule the dynasty remained unstable‚ and was eventually exiled
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fundamentalists‚ like the author‚ overthrew the Shah and his government in favor of an Islamic theocracy. The anti-western sentiments that coat these words had been percolating in Iranian society long before the Ayatollah had authored this text. Modern antipathy toward Western governments began in 1953 when an ill-conceived attempt to establish a Western friendly ruler in Iran by America and Great Britain‚ ended in general admonitions against potential Westernization. Shah Mohammed Reza Pahlavi‚ the newly instated
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wonders of ancient world. It is the tallest man- made structure in the world. It took 15- 20 yrs in its construction. The Taj Mahal Place- Agra (bank of river Yamuna)‚ India. The tomb is made up of white marble. It was built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. It’s the symbol of eternal love. It took 22 yrs & 20‚000 workers to complete it. The Great Wall of China Place- China. The wall was made to protect North border against intruders. It is made up of rammed
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