isolated frog muscle could be made to contract when the sciatic nerve was irritated with a metal object‚ conducted the first muscle experiments between 1661 and 1665. Later‚ between 1737-1798 Luigi Galvani determined that frog muscle responded to electrical currents. The kymograph‚ which was invented in the late 1840’s lead to the revolution of experimental physiology because it enabled muscle contractions to be analyzed and recorded. The muscle cell or fiber is the basic unit of a muscle. The frog gastrocnemius
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between distribution of muscle fibre type and performance. How might exercise training modify or change a person’s fibre-type distribution? There are four different types of muscle fibres: type 1‚ type 2a‚ type 2x‚ and type 2c. “A single skeletal muscle contains fibres having different speeds of shortening and ability to generate maximal force: type 1 (slow-twitch) fibres and type 2 (fast-twitch) fibres. Type 1 fies take approximately 110 ms to reach peak tension when stimulated. Type 2 fibres can
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Lab 6: Amphibian Muscle Contraction Results: For this experiment‚ Isometric contractions of the gastrocnemius muscle of a frog were analyzed and from this data the latent period‚ twitch‚ motor unit summation‚ tetanus‚ fatigue & mechanical summation were measured. The data was used to quantify the effect of passive tension on the twitch force‚ effect of stimulus intensity on the twitch force‚ effect of stimulus frequency on contractile force of xenopus gastrocnemius muscle. The threshold voltage
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FROG MUSCLE PHYSIOLOGY 2) What was the smallest voltage required to produce max contraction? What proportion of the muscle fibers in the muscle do you think were contracting to produce this maximal response? Muscle fibers act in response to isolated stimuli in an all or none fashion. However‚ a muscle organ‚ such as the gastrocnemius muscle‚ is composed of many individual muscle fibers. It is known that all of the fibers in a muscle do not have the same threshold and that a stimulus applied to
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Skeletal Muscle Lab Introduction: Motor neurons and muscle fibers are the building blocks of motor units and where they intersect is called the neuromuscular junciton. The region where the flattened end of a motor neuron transmits neural impulses to a muscle is the motor end-plate. The end plate potentials depolarizes skeletal muscle fibers caused by neurotransmitters binding to the postsynaptic membrane in the neuromuscular junction. The process of contraction of the muscle cell is called excitation-contraction
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Twin-Pulse Facilitation Measured as Twitch Ratios at the! Frog Nerve/Gastrocnemius Preparation ! Richard S. Manalis and Jonathan L. Miller— Department of Biology‚ Goshen College‚ Goshen‚ Indiana Introduction! Learning & Memory are related to synaptic efficacy which the present study brings to the undergraduate physiology laboratory. TWIN-PULSE FACILITATION has been widely used to study one aspect of short-term synaptic plasticity at a wide variety of synapses using electrophysiological methods
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A CRITICAL STUDY ON USER GENERATED CONTENT ( UGC ) MA ART & DESIGN ( VISUAL COMMUNICATION & NEW MEDIA BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The emergence of a second generation web development and design that include communication‚ information sharing‚ interoperability‚ and collaboration‚ Web 2.0 ‚ an expression made in 2004 by web-business mogul Tim O’Reilly‚ have led to the development of web based communities‚ services and applications such as social-networking sites‚ video-sharing sites‚ wikis‚ blogs
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just the opposite and that goes from the top generals to brand new recruits in basic training. For those who have spent time in the military‚ the familiar mantra from day one is continuous improvement. Each branch of the service (Army‚ Navy ‚ Air Force‚ Marines‚ Coast Guard) has its own cash award program. Each branch rewards innovation and ideas by giving away thousands of dollars to its members. Ironically‚ the return on their investment can be millions or even billions of tax payer dollars. Talk
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E 2 Skeletal Muscle Physiology O B J E C T I V E S 1. To define these terms used in describing muscle physiology: multiple motor unit summation‚ maximal stimulus‚ treppe‚ wave summation‚ and tetanus. 2. To identify two ways that the mode of stimulation can affect muscle force production. 3. To plot a graph relating stimulus strength and twitch force to illustrate graded muscle response. 4. To explain how slow‚ smooth‚ sustained contraction is possible in a skeletal muscle. 5. To graphically
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The muscle physiology of skeletal muscle was observed by using electrical‚ physical‚ and neural stimulations of an isolated gastrocnemius muscle from Rana pipiens. The gastrocnemius receives signals from the action potentials of the sciatic nerve. The muscle contraction is caused by the binding of a neurotransmitter once the action potential reaches the neuromuscular junction. Stimulation of the muscle and the sciatic nerve allows for recording and measuring of these properties. We observed twitch
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