Hardness of Water by EDTA Titration Introduction Water hardness is caused by natural minerals that are dissolved into the water‚ predominantly calcium and magnesium‚ and is measured as the equivalent concentration of calcium carbonate (in milligrams per litre). Water hardness is usually noticed because of difficulty in lathering soap and the formation of a scum in the bathtub. Ca2+ and Mg2+ form insoluble salts with soaps causing precipitation of the soap scum. Another effect of hard water is “boiler
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Surface Water Pollution Freshwater makes up less than three percent of earth’s water‚ but is the source of virtually all drinking water.55 percent of that water comes from reservoirs‚ rivers‚ and lakes‚ These sources‚ called surface water‚ are vulnerable to pollution discharged out of pipes and precipitating out of the air but the primary source of their pollution today is runoff‚ pollutants washing off the land. These nonpoint or scattered sources are not easily traceable. fertilizers used
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1.0 WATER QUALITY LESSON OUTCOME: * To identify the physical water quality parameters such as suspended solids‚ turbidity‚ color‚ taste and odor and temperature. * To calculate the solids parameter * To identify the chemical water quality parameters such as total dissolved solid‚ alkalinity and hardness * To calculate the water alkalinity and hardness * To demonstrate the biological water quality parameters such as pathogens and indicators Water Quality Parameter
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Complexometric Determination Of Water Hardness By Angelica Aquino CHM 152 LL January 5‚ 2013 METHODS: 1. Prepare an approximate 0.004 M disodium EDTA solution. To prepare this solution‚ weigh about 0.7-0.8 g of Na2EDTA and dissolve in 500 mL deionized water in your plastic bottle. Make to to shake the bottle to dissolve the salt. 2. Obtain a 250-mL Erlenmeyer flask and transfer a 10 mL of CaCO3 using a buret into the flask. 3. Measure 30 mL of deionized water and add it into the titration
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glass rod ‚volumetric flask 100ml ‚dropper CHEMICALS Potassium permanganate (KMnO4)‚ distilled water PROCEDURE A. Preparation of the KMnO4 standard solution 1. KMnO4 was weigh accurately to nearest mg. The reading was recorded. The solid transfer to a 100ml volumetric flask using funnel. 2. The solid was dissolved with distilled water. The flask was shaken after using stopper. Distilled water was added to the mark ‚the dropper was used when reaching the last drop. The flask was stopped using
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of oil is added to a hot wok and a chicken is stirred fried until cooked. I stir fry the chicken in three separate lots so the chicken cooks quickly and does not get too much water in it. Chicken is set aside and heat is turn off temporarily. After that‚ a kettle is filled with water and boil. You will use this boiling water to soak the rice noodles. One tablespoon of oil vegetable is added to the wok‚ and the paste is stirred fried for about 2 minutes. This releases all the flavours of the Laksa
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Three Step Literary Analysis The book‚ Color of Water‚ is written by James McBride and it is the story of his life and his mother’s. The book is more like two intertwining books than just a single book. It switches between two points of views‚ Ruth McBride and her son James McBride. In Ruth’s chapters‚ she chronicles out her life story beginning with her migrating to the United States when she was two years old. At a young age‚ Ruth’s life is filled with hardship. Her father did not love her
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Both Claude Monet’s‚ Water lilies‚ Morning: Willows3 (132) and Grainstack (Sunset)4 (116) are oil panting on canvas. They both depict a natural scene‚ in a peaceful setting. In the painting Water Lilies‚ we see the use of a restricted palette. Blues‚ being the water which combine to green to form the leaves on the tress and white showing the ripples in the water. The light and dark of the blue combined with the white give us movement‚ we see the rippling effect in the water. The swirl of brush
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Water Balance of Berkeley‚ California and Terre Haute‚ Indiana Johnny L. Luckett Excelsior College Abstract This paper discovers the water budget for Berkeley‚ California in comparison to Terre Haute‚ Indiana. The two cities precipitation differs throughout the twelve month calendar year where many of the heavy precipitation months are totally opposite. Berkeley California’s winters‚ where the majority of rain occurs and Terre Haute‚ Indiana where the rainfall is observed as
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Most water pollutants are eventually carried by rivers into the oceans. In some areas of the world the influence can be traced hundred miles from the mouth by studies using hydrology transport models. Advanced computer models such as SWMM or the DSSAM Model have been used in many locations worldwide to examine the fate of pollutants in aquatic systems. Indicator filter feeding species such as copepods have also been used to study pollutant fates in the New York Bight‚ for example. The highest toxin
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