upstream and downstream fragments‚ 200 ng of pyrG marker fragment and adjust to 50 μL of double-distilled water. 35. Lysis Buffer: to prepare 50 mL of buffer dissolve 23.6 g of Guanidine thiocyanate (118.16 g/L) in 25 mL of double-distilled water. Once dissolved add: 2.5 mL of 1 M Tris-HCl pH 7.0 (121.14 g/L)‚ 2 mL of 0.5 M EDTA pH 8.0 (186.12 g/L) and 0.05 mL of Triton X-100. Add double-distilled water to 50mL (final concentrations: 4 M guanidine thiocyanate‚ 50 mM Tris-Hcl pH 7.0‚ 20 mM EDTA and 0.1
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LAB 5: Coliform bacteria in surface waters I. Introduction Many organisms‚ including humans‚ have symbiotic bacteria in their guts that aid digestion. Symbiosis is an intimate relationship between different organisms in which both the host organism‚ e.g. the human‚ and the symbiote‚ e.g. bacteria‚ benefit from each other. In this case‚ the bacterium gets a favorable environment and food source in the intestines of a human. In return‚ these bacteria improve the digestibility of food through
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11.1 Washing with cold distilled water Washing process is not only remove soluble protein‚ fat‚ and pro-oxidant‚ but may also remove antioxidant. Therefore the oxidative stability of muscle ultimately depends upon the antioxidant/prooxidant balance that remains after the muscle is washed. It suggests that washing may promote oxidation in mince since it effectively removes antioxidants from the fish. In addition‚ the neutral lipids are more easily removed than polar lipids‚ phospholipids and free
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A graded potential in physiology‚ is described as local changes in membrane potential that occur in varying grades or degrees of magnitude or strength. When compared to graded potential‚ an action potential is described as brief‚ rapid‚ large (100mV) changes in membrane potential during which the potential actually reverses so that the inside of the excitable cell transiently becomes more positive than the outside. As with a graded potential‚ an action potential involves only a small portion of
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The inverted water method MLA citation BBC News. BBC‚ n.d. Web. 09 Nov. 2015. "Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity." Factors Affecting Enzyme Activity. N.p.‚ n.d. Web. 14 Nov. 2015. Enzymes. Scenario experiment AIM: To investigate one factor that affect the distribution of hydrogen peroxide by the catalase in this organism. In this catalase and hydrogen peroxide experiment‚ we will find out how enzymes act as catalysts by causing chemical reactions to occur. Using a potato and hydrogen peroxide
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Using a cooling glass of water to determine the area and volume of the curve formed. Research Question: To what extent can a cooling glass of water be modelled accurately and be used to find the area under the curve and volume formed by curve? Data Collection: In order to produce an exponentially decaying graph‚ I had to first heat a glass of water for a certain period of time {150 ml of water}. After the water was heated a temperature probe‚ connected to logger pro and laptop
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The formation of an action potential can be divided into five steps. (1) A stimulus from a sensory cell or another neuron causes the target cell to depolarize toward the threshold potential. (2) If the threshold of excitation is reached‚ all Na+ channels open and the membrane depolarizes. (3) At the peak action potential‚ K+ channels open and K+ begins to leave the cell. At the same time‚ Na+ channels close. (4) The membrane becomes hyperpolarized as K+ ions continue to leave the cell. The
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Redox potential – CV Acetonitrile Adjusted sensitivity Each ;line represents diff scan rates all been overlayed on one digarm Scan rates ranged from 0 .1 s-1 to 1 Peak due to iodide oxidation is read from +peak to – peak bottom line. Iodide to triiodide Glycol Didn’t work Using equation ip = 2.69 ×105 n3/2 A D1/2 C ν1/2 compare to linear equation y = mx+c y = peak current x = V1/2 c = zero Therefore m is = everything else C = concentration 0.05 M ethylene glycol (acetonitrile
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THE WORK DONE BY A CONSERVATIVE FORCE ALWAYS HAS FOUR PROPERTIES: 1. It can be expressed as the difference between the initial and final values of a potential-energy function. 3. It is independent of the path of the body and depends only on the starting and ending points. 2. It is reversible. 4. When the starting and ending points are the same‚ the total work is zero. The total mechanical energy ME = K + U is constant. Object moving in a uniform gravitational field gravitational a
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which cell has the larger resting membrane potential? Explain. If the permeability to K is higher in A than in B‚ then the resting membrane potential (rmp) will be closer to the equilibrium potential in cell A‚ which means the rmp will be more negative in cell A than in cell B; or in other words‚ the potential difference will be LARGER in cell A. 2. Predict the effect of a reduced extracellular concentration of Na+ on the magnitude of the action potential in an electrically excitable cell. If there
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