gallons of water into the ground to crack shale rock around a gas well. When the shale rocks around the wells are cracked‚ it allows natural gas‚ specifically methane‚ to flow into the wells. To fracture the shale rock‚ the water injected into the ground has to be at a very high pressure and is loaded with sand and about 40‚000 gallons of 600 different dangerous chemicals. Once the natural gas has flown into the underground well‚ it can be extracted and stored in tanks above ground to later be
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historic boom in production of domestic gas and oil. Over the past few years‚ advances in fracking creates fractures that extend from wells into oil and gas formations by pumping highly-pressurized fluid; water‚ sand‚ ceramic beads‚ and a mixture of chemicals into the oil or gas formation. As this fluid holds the underground fissures open‚ oil and gas flow up the well to the surface where they can be recovered. Over the past few years‚ advances in fracking technology have made tremendous reserves
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including crew training. Barstow‚ Rohde‚ and Saul (2010) note that the Macondo well had fallen behind schedule from the beginning‚ and the Deepwater Horizon rig had been sent into order to drill quickly. On the morning of April 20‚ crews were performing a negative pressure test‚ which resulted in oil and gas seeping into the well. Eventually‚ a significant amount of oil and gas‚ perhaps hundreds of barrels worth‚ moved up the well past the Deepwater Horizon’s blowout preventer. This material pushed its
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not an ethical method of extraction. Talisman Energy has recently been granted a long term contract to utilize fresh water from BC Hydro’s Williston Reservoir. Local residents are concerned about the additives used in Talismans fracking process‚ as well as the depletion of their fresh water source. The major environmental concerns associated with hydraulic fracturing include the presence of fracking additives in ground water supply‚ human induced earthquakes‚ and the use of large amounts of fresh
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natural gas and oil underneath the ground‚” (1). In order to extract natural gas from the ground‚ fracking companies will inject “more than a million gallons of water‚ sand and chemicals at high pressure down and across into a horizontally drilled wells as far as 10‚000 feet below the surface. The pressurized
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Fracking is accomplished when a well with veins (small branching off pathways)‚ is drilled. This pathway altogether tends to be over a mile long. Shale containing gas or oil is fractured by a highly pressurized concoction‚ composed of: water‚ sand‚ and an array of toxic chemicals‚ including but not limited to‚ hydrochloric acid and ethanol glycol. The fracturing creates fissures‚ long narrow openings of breakage. The gas or oil is discharged from the fissures‚ into the well. The gas or oil slowly works
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Energy Information Administration estimates that just less than half of the decline in production is owed to the alternative of shale gas for electrical energy production instead of coal burning (U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)). Fracking wells and shale gas are currently less expensive than coal in the United States. President Obama has commended the United States use of natural gas in his speech on climate change attributing it with producing cleaner energy. Many have
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creative and develop new ways to encourage growth in this area. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The main goal of this plan is to ensure that managers are able to encourage and lead their teller team to meet the required sales goals set forth by the company‚ Wells Fargo Bank. This training program will provide managers with new ideas and knowledge on how to motivate their team to success. This training will also benefit the organization as a whole and create a strong team building experience. When implemented
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or other hydrocarbon products that would be otherwise inaccessible or require numerous more wells be drilled (He‚ Li‚ Liu‚ Barbot‚ Vidic‚ 2014). This fluid consists of water and chemical additives such as‚ “ friction reducers to optimize flow characteristics‚ biocides to inhibit biological growth‚ proppant material‚ such as well-sorted sand‚ to hold the fractures open‚ corrosion inhibitors to protect well casing‚ scale inhibitors to preserve the permeability of the proppant pack‚ and surfactants
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proved so critical to our investigation into the Macondo well blowout. We also thank the Department of Energy‚ which served as our supporting agency‚ and all of the Department employees whose assistance was so essential to the success and functioning of the Commission. In particular‚ we would like to thank Christopher Smith‚ Deputy Assistant Secretary for Oil and Natural Gas‚ who acted as the Commission’s Designated Federal Officer‚ as well as Elena Melchert‚ Petroleum Engineer in the Office of Oil
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