iA Limited Liability Company (LLC) is a business structure allowed by state statute. LLCs are popular because‚ similar to a corporation‚ owners have limited personal liability for the debts and actions of the LLC. Other features of LLCs are more like a partnership‚ providing management flexibility and the benefit of pass-through taxation. Owners of an LLC are called members. Since most states do not restrict ownership‚ members may include individuals‚ corporations‚ other LLCs and foreign entities
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of Limited Liability Partnership. Its purpose was to solve the conflict | |between the continually expanding professional service organizations and unlimited joint liability. In 2006‚ newly revised the | |"Law of the People’s Republic of China on Enterprise Partnership" referenced this system‚ referred to as "special general | |partnership". This new organization blocked the unlimited joint liability among partners‚ partners protected by limited | |liability. Because of
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Doctrine: Limitations in Establishing Corporate Criminal Liability The identification doctrine is the traditional method by which companies are held liable under the principles of the common law. According to this theory‚ the solution for the problem of attributing the unlawful acts to a corporation for offences that require intention was to merge the identified individual with the corporation. For the purpose of establishing corporate liability‚ a company may be responsible for the wrongful acts of
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Brief Overview of Limited Liability Companies Introduction Limited Liability Company (LLC) is often considered as the hybrids of general partnership and corporation. It often referred as a general partnership where the partners have no personal liability and a limited partnership where there is no general partner or a partnership surrounded by a corporate shell (Seipel‚ Tunnell & Zimmermann‚ 1995). The LLC is first adopted in Wyoming in 1977 and then in Florida in 1982. However‚ LLCs
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Equality Act 2010 Liability for employers and employees Inorder to disuss who is liable for maintaining equality we need to first inspect how equality is maintained in any organisation. For the effective and efficient implementation of the Equality Act ‚every organisation has to have its own equality policy drawn out abiding by the Equality Act.This also necessitates the need for carrying out equality audit regularly to maintain the organisation’s efficiency in functioning compliantly.
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Asset-Liability Management “Asset-Liability Management (ALM) can be defined as the ongoing process of formulating‚ implementing‚ monitoring and revising strategies related to assets and liabilities to achieve an organization ’s financial objectives‚ given the organization ’s risk tolerances and other constraints”[1]. ALM also is known as balance sheet management. In banking activity the gap between assets and liabilities can bring some consequences where the following risks are arose
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Elements of Criminal Liability ACTUS REUS & MENS REA "Actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea"‚ or "an act does not make a man guilty unless his mind be also guilty (Burgess‚ 2004‚ p.8)." In criminal law‚ for an individual to commit a crime‚ there must be present two elements. They are: Actus Reus (meaning guilty act or omission); and Mens Rea (meaning guilty mind). Actus Reus is the guilty act or omission in the commissioning of a crime. In short‚ it is what the offender does or
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Donoghue vs Stevenson (1932) is the first case law relevant of liability to third party. However‚ in this case‚ the liability is only established if there are physical harms of loss by third parties (not economic losses) Candler & Crane Chrismas (1951) is the next stage of development‚ where there is liability for financial loss if there is a contractual relationship‚ a fiduciary relationship or a fraud Hedley Byrne & Co Ltd vs Heller & Parties Ltd (1963) is a significant point of development
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ways‚ gun ownership liability is like that of automobile ownership. You drive your car as safely as possible to avoid accidents that can potentially cause injury or death to oneself‚ one’s family‚ or the public. You do your best to prevent theft of your car by locking it and storing it in a safe place such as your garage. You also take out auto insurance that protects you from its loss and its liability risks. Unfortunately‚ many car owners don’t actively think about liability coverage for their
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senior US policymakers‚ the total estimated population of the Philippines in year 2012 is about 103 775 002. Almost 104 million people are living in the Philippines. Compared to the population of other countries‚ Philippines ranks as the 12th most populated country in the world and China as being the undisputed no. 1 most populated country. The fertility rate of Filipino women is estimated to be at 3.05% which is at the upper bracket of 206 countries. It is estimated that four babies are born every
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