a) Explain Aristotle’s theory of four causes (25 marks) Aristotle’s interest in explaining why things exist as they do led to his theory of Four Causes. He rejected Plato’s theory of Forms and was more intrigued by the particular form in which an object took‚ as opposed to the ‘ideal‚ perfect’ form. The four causes are: the material cause‚ the formal cause‚ the efficient cause and the final cause. The material cause refers to the physical cause of an object. It occurs because of the parts‚
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ADMINISTRATION EQUITY RESEARCH: CIMPOR TOMÁS LAVIN PEIXE 152110052 ADVISOR: PROF. JOSÉ TUDELA MARTINS Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for the degree of International MSC in Business Administration‚ at Universidade Católica Portuguesa‚ September‚ 2012 I. Preface The goal of this dissertation is to value Cimentos de Portugal‚ SGPS‚ S.A‚ hereon stated as Cimpor. In order to do that‚ the main valuation methods and theories will be
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Equity is frequently referred to as a supplement to the common law. Cruzon defines Equity as a system of law developed by the court of chancery in parallel with the common law. It was designed to complement it‚ providing remedies for situations that were unavailable at Law. Because of this‚ Equity provided a dimension of flexibility and justice that was often times lacking because of the common law’s rigidity. This rigidity stems from the fact that‚ while courts sometimes altered their jurisdictions
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Can Sports help enhance gender equity? Based on Olympic Games 113 years ago‚ in 1900‚ the first women participated in the Olympic Games‚ 22 women participated in the two events‚ Tennis and Golf for female athletes. After another four years‚ in 1904 the first medals were given out to the champions of the 6 participants‚ which now also had the chance to compete in Archery. In the London Olympics 2012‚ there were over 302 events and on 140 of them women were permitted to compete. That’s why these
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DEBT TO EQUITY PROPORTIONS In building the pool of funds for the business it is important to balance and optimize the proportions of debt and equity. The relationship between total debt and total equity is referred to as leverage or gearing. If there is too much debt‚ a business becomes highly leveraged with the implications of: • Repayment risk. The risk to debt providers increases as there is less of an equity buffer to absorb losses that the business may make. • Interest risk. The interest
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The fact that brands are a part of the company equity is now a universal concept‚ however what this awareness implies has not yet been fully analyzed. As is often the case‚ phrases such as ‘brands are our equity’ become company leitmotivs. The truth is that‚ when taken at its word‚ this brand equity awareness has actually revolutionized operational marketing. The most salient aspects of this development are described below. ____________________________________________________________ __________________
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The Development of Common Law and Equity Common Law has been functioning in England since the 1250’s‚ two centuries after William the Conqueror defeated Earl Harold Godwinson in the Battle of Hastings in 1066 and became King. It was then in 1066 that Law began to be standardised. There were‚ however‚ problems with the Common Law system and people were becoming dissatisfied with the remedies distributed by the Court. As a result‚ the Court of Chancery was established and could provide whatever
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Raising Equity Capital When a private company decides to raise outside equity capital to fund there firm‚ they can turn several potential sources‚ these include Angel Investors‚ venture capital firms‚ institutional investors and corporate investors. Angel investors are individual investors who buy equity in small private firms (often friends of relatives) and are usually the first round of outside financing typically receiving a sizeable equity share. Venture Capital Firm (VCF) is a limited partnership
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School of Commerce Toyota 2013 Brand Equity and its measures Table of Contents 1.0. Introduction: 1 2.0. Brand Equity: 2 2.1.0. Financial perspective: 2 Toyota Financial statement (Example 3 2.1.1. Caculating Brand Equity through discounted cash flow 3 2.2.0. Non-financial perspective: 5 2.2.1. the real and implied brand attributes 5 2.2.2. Importance of a company’s brand logo‚ symbol or trademark: 6 3.0. Different approaches for building brand equity 7 3.1. Cost based approaches 7 3.2
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•Compare and contrast the 3 different cognitivist theories in this situation. •Discuss elements that are unique to each viewpoint and that are discussed by all. ◦In the ones discussed by all‚ what elements are viewed in the same manner‚ and which ones are viewed differently? The three main cognitivist theories are those promulgated by Piaget‚ Bruns‚ and Vygotsky. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development focuses upon the changes that occur in children and adolescents’ and attempts to explain the changes
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