Using an appropriate range of relevant sources‚ analyse the ways in which the attitudes of managers towards their workforces may have changed since the early days of classical and scientific management. Throughout genrations business’s have always been required to change in the world whether this be changes in trends of consumers or internal changes such as technological progression. For the business to achieve an efficient and swift change it is important that employees and in particular managers
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15.3 Dividend Relevance Model 15.3.1 15.3.2 Walter Model Gordon’s Dividend Capitalization Model Dividend Decision 15.4 Dividend Irrelevance Theory: Miller and Modigliani Model 15.5 Stability of Dividends 15.6 Forms of Dividends 15.7 Stock Split 15.8 Summary Terminal Questions Answers to SAQs and TQs 15.1 Introduction Dividends are that portion of a firm’s net earnings paid to the shareholders. Preference shareholders are entitled to a fixed rate of dividend irrespective
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How accurate is the statement that “The dividend policy of a firm is irrelevant”. By Mr. George Ekegey Ekeha (MBA – Finance‚ MBA & BCom) (Lecturer in Corporate Finance & International Finance @ Regent University College of Science & Technology) Email: ekegey24ge@yahoo.co.uk March 2009 THIS PAPER IS PREPARED IN RESPONSE TO A RELEVANT QUESTION TO HELP STUDENTS TAKING CORPORATE FINANCE COURSE. No Part of This Thesis Is To Be Used For Any Purposes‚ Other Than Academic REFERENCE
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What is ToC? Everyone has heard the saying that the chain is only strong as its weakest link and this is exactly what the theory of constraints actually defines and reflects. Constructed by Dr. Eli Goldratt‚ the theory was published in the book The Goal‚ in 1984. According to this book‚ any organization’s performance is greatly dependent on the constraints. These constraints prevent the enterprise from delivering its optimal performance and thereby failing to reach the designated goals. This is
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Constructive Dividends In Ltr. Rul 20028806‚ the shareholders of a corporation owned‚ managed‚ and operated country club were given discounts for the use of the club’s facilities. The club was located in a community where both non shareholders and shareholders resided. Shareholders received discounts on membership dues as well as other incentives inside the club. Taxpayer requested a letter ruling on whether or not the discounts received constitute as constructive dividends received. The IRS indeed
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THE THREE DIVIDEND POLICY THEORIES Figure 13A-1 illustrates the three alternative dividend policy theories: (1) Miller and Modigliani’s dividend irrelevance theory‚ (2) Gordon and Lintner’s bird-in-thehand theory‚ and (3) the tax preference theory. To understand the three theories‚ consider the case of Hardin Electronics‚ which has from its inception plowed all earnings back into the business and thus has never paid a dividend. Hardin’s management is now reconsidering its dividend policy‚ and it wants
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DEEMED DIVIDENDS can elect to have deemed dividend paid from capital dividend account by making 83(2) election resulting in no taxes may still elect if corporation has deemed dividend so as to transfer the Capital Dividend Account amount to the parent corporation if individuals receive deemed dividends: LRIP (lower rate income pool) from CCPC small business deduction plus investment income subject to integrations Gross up 25% $1‚000 x 1.25 = $1‚250 FDTC $167 [either 2/3 of gross up 1250
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Introduction A dividend is termed as a portion of a firm’s earnings that is returned to its shareholders. Dividends offer a further motif for investors to hold or even increase their investments. A lot of companies‚ mature or young‚ large or small‚ pay stable dividend. It is true that high dividend yield is important for current investors because it indicates‚ to some degree‚ a firm’s financial well being‚ but paying 100% of its earnings as dividend is not financially wise. Instead of paying dividends‚ fluid
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REASONS FOR DIVIDENDS Dividend policy is likely to be set in the form of a goal rather than a rigid rule‚ even though a definite policy has the advantage of providing the investor‚ or potential investor‚ a clear basis for choice. Investors knowing the dividend policy of the alternative companies can choose the type of company that best fits their individual investment goals. This is desirable‚ because stockholders differ in the extent to which they prefer dividends rather than opportunities for
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THEORY OF CONSTRAINTS The Theory of Constraints (TOC) is a management philosophy where three financial measures of profit‚ return on investment (ROI) and cash flow are presented. All three of these measurements are necessary. First‚ we need an absolute measurement of profit‚ the amount by which revenues exceed expenses. Second‚ we need the relative measurement of ROI that compares the amount of money made relative to the amount invested. Finally‚ we must have enough cash coming in to meet expenses
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