CHAPTER 6 COST BEHAVIOR TYPES OF COST BEHAVIOR PATTERNS 1. Variable Cost 2. Fixed Cost 3. Mixed / Semi-variable Cost Cost Structure – the relative proportion of fixed‚ variable‚ and mixed costs found within an organization or firm. 1. Variable Cost - its total dollar amount varies in direct proportion to changes in the activity level. Example: Number of Trucks Radiator Cost per Total Radiator
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2-22 Variable costs and fixed costs. Consolidated Minerals (CM) owns the rights to extract minerals from beach sands on Fraser Island. CM has costs in three areas: a. Payment to a mining subcontractor who charges $80 per ton of beach sand mined and returned to the beach (after being processed on the mainland to extract three minerals: ilmenite‚ rutile‚ and zircon). b. Payment of a government mining and environmental tax of $50 per ton of beach sand mined. c. Payment to a barge operator. This
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Transportation Cost & Pricing Transportation Cost & Pricing Compare and contrast the cost structures of rail‚ motor carriers‚ and air. When you compare the rail cost structure to that of the cost structures of the motor‚ and air carriers‚ you will see that the rail carriers have a high structure cost. “One of the characteristics of railroads as previously noted is the level of fixed costs present in their cost structures.” (Coyle‚ 2011) These fixed cost exists because the ownership of
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opportunity cost of a choice is the value of the best alternative forgone‚ in a situation in which a choice needs to be made between several mutually exclusive alternatives given limited resources. Assuming the best choice is made‚ it is the "cost" incurred by not enjoying the benefit that would be had by taking the second best choice available.[1] The New Oxford American Dictionary defines it as "the loss of potential gain from other alternatives when one alternative is chosen". Opportunity cost is a key
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Data Encryption Standard In 1972‚ the NBS Institute for Computer Sciences and Technology (ICST) initiated a project in computer security‚ a subject then in its infancy. One of the first goals of the project was to develop a cryptographic algorithm standard that could be used to protect sensitive and valuable data during transmission and in storage. Prior to this NBS initiative‚ encryption had been largely the concern of military and intelligence organizations. The encryption algorithms‚ i.e.‚ the
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manufacturing standard model compressors on Sundays? Why? Show your calculations. Decision making should be based on change of RELEVANT items ONLY. The company’s calculation is WRONG‚ as it takes into concern of irrelevant fixed cost. By double-counting depreciation‚ other Mfg. overheads‚ SG&A in Sunday’s cost; it distorts the P&L sheet. To correctly show cost structure for decision making‚ there are two different approaches‚ yet each should reach same conclusion. Approach 1: Differential Cost Approach
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estimates the cost of applying to each of the 10 companies and the probability of getting a job offer there. These data are tabulated below. The tabulation is in the decreasing order of cost. 1. If the graduate applies to all 10 companies‚ what is the probability that she will get at least one offer? 2. If she can apply to only one company‚ base on cost and success probability criteria alone‚ should she apply to company 5? Why or why not? 3. If she applies to companies 2‚5‚8‚ and 9‚ what is the
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CHAPTER 22 The Costs of Production Topic Question numbers ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. Costs: explicit and implicit 1-9 2. Profits 10-23 3. Short run versus long run 24-31 4. Law of diminishing returns 32-55 5. Short-run costs 56-157 6. Long-run costs 158-193 Last Word 194-196 True-False 197-210 ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
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A Cost Leadership Strategy is based on the concept that you can produce and market a good quality product or service at a lower cost than your competitors. These low costs should translate to profit margins that are higher than the industry average. Some of the conditions that should exist to support a cost leadership strategy include an on-going availability of operating capital‚ good process engineering skills‚ close management of labor‚ products designed for ease of manufacturing and low cost distribution
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manufacturer produces 1‚000 basketballs each day‚ which it sells to customers for $30 each. All costs associated with production and sales total $10‚000; however‚ if the manufacturer were to produce one additional basketball per day‚ total costs would increase to $10‚100. From these amounts‚ we can tell that a. the firm has negative profit. b. marginal cost equals $100. c. marginal cost equals $150. d. marginal cost equals marginal revenue. 2. A retailer has to pay $9 per hour to hire 13 workers
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