Democracy is a political form of government in which governing power is derived from the people‚ by consensus (consensus democracy)‚ by direct referendum (direct democracy)‚ or by means of elected representatives of the people (representative democracy). The term comes from the Greek word (dēmokratía) "rule of the people"‚ which was coined from (dêmos) "people" and (Kratos) "power". There is no universal definition of the term democracy‚ people like the late USA president ABRAHAM LINCOLN define
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Dahl’s “On Democracy” Early in Dahl’s book he answers the question “what is democracy?” by enumerating a list of five criteria that must be met in order for a government to be recognized as fully democratic. These criteria involve all citizens having equal and satisfactory opportunities to participate in the steering of policy. To realize all of these criteria would mean that it has achieved ‘ideal’ democracy‚ but Dahl concedes that it is not practical to expect a perfect democracy given the realities
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Democracy is a universally recognized ideal and is one of the core values of the United Nations. Democracy provides an environment for the protection and effective realization of human rights. These values are embodied in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and further developed in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights‚ which enshrines a host of political rights and civil liberties underpinning meaningful democracies United Nations activities in support of democracy and
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GOVERNANCE AND DEMOCRACY IN PAKISTAN: WEAKNESSES‚ STRENGTHS AND PROSPECTS Abstract Pakistan had no worthwhile civil society and hardly any middle class in 1947 due to rampant illiteracy and absence of an independent media. The masses were poor‚ the country was described an “economic desert” and there was an unprecedented influx of refugees. The country lacked the necessary infrastructure and institutions. The capability to develop them was lacking. The external and internal threats to the security
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themselves as a “democracy”. The term democracy is derived from the Greek words demos (the people) and kratia (power or authority) and may be used to refer to any system of government that gives power to the people‚ either directly‚ or indirectly through elected representatives. Democracy is hard‚ perhaps the most complex and difficult of all forms of government. It is filled with tensions and contradictions‚ and requires that its members labor diligently to make it work. Democracy is not designed
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Socrates on Democracy Socrates makes it very clear; he is not a fan of Democracy. He is openly objected to the type of democracy that Athens was running during his adult life. In contrast he was against all forms of government at the time. Socrates believes in the connection between virtue and knowledge. The masses‚ being uneducated‚ were therefore not virtuous and not fit to rule. Democracy is the rule of people‚ and as a group people are very indecisive so we end up trying to have everything
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1. RONALD DWORKIN: According to Dworkin‚ democracy is an egalitarian perception to political equality (). Dworkin argues for a substantive approach to democratic procedure; in effort to secure an equal distribution of political power to citizens as a whole (9; 117). Dworkin’s consequential approach classifies two types of political decisions: “choice-sensitive” and “choice-insensitive” issues (132). Dworkin defines choice-sensitive issues in terms of justice that: “depends essentially on character
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Comparing democracies There are four major factors that contributed to the new interest in comparing democracies that is the comparison of regimes‚ the ‘third wave’ of democratization‚ institutional engineering‚ and the last one is Neo-institutionalism. The first factor comes from the study of Powell (1982) and Lijphart (1984) that has characterize and compare democratic regimes as a whole. Lijphart has elaborated the distinction of the majoritarian and the consensus models of democracy to prove
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Dictatorship and Democracy Benazir Bhutto was a renowned politician and the first female Prime Minister of Pakistan during a time that changed the face of the world; the September 11‚ 2001 terrorist attacks of the World Trade Center‚ Pentagon and Flight 95. She was outspoken against the policy‚ rhetoric and agenda of Al Qaeda. On the 4th of October 2002‚ Bhutto gave a speech to the world stating that Al Qaeda not only victimized western society‚ but victimized Muslim Nations and the people of
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Democracy of Kyrgyzstan Is Kyrgyzstan a democratic country or is it still an authoritarian regime? Different experts might have different answers and opinions to this question. In order to find an accurate answer to this question‚ it is important to know profound definitions of both democracy and authoritarian regime. As a student who is still learning about democracy‚ I define democracy as a political system in which citizens have the power to elect politicians to present them‚ through a free and
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