BEHAVIORISM Fred Luthans‚ James B. Avey and Brett Luthans Definition Behaviorism is a theoretical foundation with roots in psychology with an intentional focus on observable‚ measurable behavior as the primary unit of analysis (Luthans‚ Youssef‚ & Luthans‚ 2005). Behaviorism systematically analyzes the relationships between an individual’s behavior and environmental contingencies. The study and practice of behaviorism emphasizes predicting and controlling/managing behavior and thus is especially
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DEPENDENCY THEORY: - Economic development theorists over the last few centuries have developed models for explaining the “undeveloped-ness” of countries in the third world countries. From Durkheim to the International Monetary Fund (IMF)‚ we have‚ time after time‚ come to witness the rise and fall of development theories and their explanations for the predicament that many poor countries face. Dependency theory has (more so than others) lasted a great deal of time in the framework of the international
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Post-war and European Integration Europe in the period after 1945 has seen a significant‚ if progressively‚ shift towards cooperation over conflict. by the way in the wake of the Second World War‚ nations lay in tatters and the area was soon to be sectioned altogether in half with spheres of US and Soviet influence. Beginning with those nations to the west of the ‘Iron Curtain’‚ a new environment emerged in which leaders vowed never to allow such widespread destruction as occurred in the two
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A critical look at the Communicative Approach (1) Michael Swan This (the first of two articles) examines some of the more theoretical ideas underlying the ‘Communicative Approach‘. These include the belief that we should teach ‘use’ as well as ‘meaning; and some attitudes regarding the teaching of ‘skills’ and ‘strategies’. A second article will deal with more pedagogical aspects of the approach‚ especially the idea of a ‘semantic syllabus’ and the question of ‘authenticity’ in materials and methodology
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globalization has caused much pressures for multinational business. Two major concerns of many international business corporations are what “pattern of integrating modes” fits their business activities and how these intergrating modes can be effectively applied in each “business function” to obtain efficient performance (327). Based on theory and nature of global integration‚ K. Kim and his co-workers developed four specific integrating modes‚ including “people‚ information‚ formalization and centralization”
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Integration or assimilation of migrants in society? Which policy is best for a country to adhere to? By the different migration flows and globalization it is hard to deny; the European society is becoming a multicultural society. Many residents of the EU have a foreign nationality or have (grand) parents of foreign origin and cultural and religious diversity has increased. How are these newcomers supposed to behave‚ and what is expected from them? The question that will be addressed in this
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blo gspo t.co m/2011/08/systems-appro ach-to -management-by.html Systems Approach To Management by Bertalanffy Systems Approach To Management T he word System is taken f rom a Greek language which means to bring together or to combine. A system is a set of inter-related parts‚ which work together to achieve certain goals. Image Credits © Pablo Alf ieri. Ludwig von Bertalanffy is called the Father of the Systems Approach. According to Ludwig von Bertalanf f y‚ "In order to understand an organised
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DAGMAR is Defining Advertising Goals for Measured Advertising Results. It is basically an approach to advertising planning and a precise method for selecting and quantifying goals and for using those goals to measure performance. Russel H. Colley (1961) pioneered this approach where to establish an explicit link between ad goals and ad results‚ Colley distinguished 52 advertising goals that might be used with respect to a single advertisement‚ a year’s campaign for a product or a company’s entire
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Topic 2 - Week 3 1. There are two traditional approaches to theory construction that provide an insight on how theories are constructed. These are the inductive approach and deductive approach. a) Outline the steps involved in the above two approaches b) State the difference between the two approaches. 2. “The modern rational organisation of capitalistic enterprise would not have been possible without two other important factors in its development: the separation of business
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development and diversification. ● Distinguish between different diversification strategies (related and conglomerate diversification) and evaluate diversification drivers. ● Assess the relative benefits of vertical integration and outsourcing. ● Analyse the ways in which a corporate parent can add or destroy value for its portfolio of business units. ● Analyse
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