What do you understand by the term “Lancefield groups”? History In the early 1930’s Rebecca Lancefield recognized the importance of serological tests for the identification of organisms. The system is based on specific antibody agglutination reactions with cell wall carbohydrate antigens (C polysaccharides) extracted from the streptococci. Lancefield also showed that further sub division of group A into specific serological types was possible using type-specific M (protein) antigens. The groups
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WHAT DO MANAGERS DO? A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE EVIDENCE COLIN P. HALES Department of Management Studies for Tourism and Hotel Industries‚ University of Surrey INTRODUCTION IN this article‚ I consider the extent to which the question ’What do managers do? ’ has been satisfactorily answered by published empirical studies of mana- gerial work and behaviour. Two aspects of this enterprise require justification: the pertinence of the question posed and the need
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what is an effective instructionWhat is Effective Instruction? The most important factor influencing students’ learning‚ especially for students who struggle to learn academically skills‚ is an effective teacher. According to Sanders (1996)‚ research shows that students who are assigned with the most effective teachers in three years score as many 50 percentile points higher on achievement compared to students who are assigned to the least effective teachers (Sanders & Rivers‚ 1996). During
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Reducing barriers whether be in general conversation or other mediums (e.g. emails‚ memos‚ or phone calls) is the responsibility of both the sender and receiver of the message. Techniques to improve communication and overcome barriers on the sender’s end would include being aware of barriers such as noise or distractions‚ be empathetic to the receiver‚ pay careful attention to nonverbal cues‚ and confirm understanding of the message they are sending (Baack‚ 2012). Baack (2012) also pointed out
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Communication Barriers Business Communication Barriers • Hindrances in the communication process. • Effect on message/ Distortion: – Clarity – Accuracy – Effectiveness Your own footer Learning Points 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Meaning Barriers Organizational Barriers Organizational Barriers Individual Barriers Channel and Media Barriers Eco‚ Geo & Temp Barriers Technological Barriers Interpersonal Barriers Meaning Barriers • Semantic barriers. • Different meanings assigned to one
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Communication Barrier between Local and International Student in Malaysia. The increasing number of international student in Malaysia brings many benefits to the country as well to the local students. However‚ there are many problems that faced by these international students in this country. One of them is communication barrier between the local students. Communication barrier always bring difficulty to them when interacting with the local students in the campus. This includes both verbal and non-verbal
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my life would take a dramatic turn from what it is now. I would adopt the lifestyle of the rich and famous. There are lots of things I would do with the money. Firstly‚ before I use the money at all‚ I would give away ten percent to charity. Ten percent of RM1 million works out to RM100‚000. This is a lot of money to give away. It does not mean that I am a generous or saintly person. It simply means that when we get good luck‚ we must thank God by giving some money to charity. I would share the
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dawood Instructor’s name dawood If you could be anything you wanted‚ what would you be and why? It is a truth that every thing in the world has its specific energy and symbolic meaning as well as some things occupy a significant place in human hearts. So‚ answering the question what I could be having an opportunity to change the appearance and material body‚ I would become a tree. There are many reasons for such a choice‚ and explaining these reasons I would like to dwell on some of them with
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Effective Communication . Effective Communication The communication within the health care institution is an exchange of information between everyone involves‚ as well as with external groups that are related to it. The message must be clear and without information barriers that involve difficulty in understanding‚ it must use the appropriate language‚ this means that not only is essential to use words‚ but anything to get to understand and also to improve voluntary cooperation. The object
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Barriers to Communication Categorization of Barriers Semantic Organizational Inter-personal Individual Cross- cultural (Geographic) Physical / channel / and media Technological Semantic Barriers Science of meaning - Phonetics science of sound. Semantics – coding /decoding • Similar Pronunciation but multiple meaning. • Badly expressed message – incoherence‚ poor sentence structuring and jargons • Wrong interpretation - Pandit‚ raja / Rajah • Unqualified assumption by sender
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