first proponent of the economic value of education. He emphasized on how education helps to increase the productivity of the labour force in various ways‚ including both general education and technical training. He was the one who introduced for the first time the concept of human capital. Later other well known economists (Malthus‚ 1798; Mill‚ 1848; Marx‚ 1878; Marshall‚ 1890; Schumpeter‚ 1934; Harrod‚ 1939 & Domar 1946; et al) placed special attention to the economic growth process. During the second
Premium Economic growth Economics Exogenous growth model
International Trade Trade Most economists believe in free trade - the movement of goods between countries in the absence of harsh restrictions placed upon this exchange. The comparative cost principle is that countries should produce whatever they can make the most cheaply. Countries will raise their living standards and income if they specialize in the production of the goods and services in which they have the highest relative productivity: the amount of output produced per unit of an input
Premium International trade Free trade World Trade Organization
International trade is the exchange of capital‚ goods‚ and services across international borders or territories. Import – the purchase of good or service from another country. Export – the sale of goods or service to another country. We normally think of goods being shipped between countries‚ but for services that is not necessarily true. Goods( visible):manufacturing‚ mining‚ agricult.products. Services (invisible): banking‚ tourism‚ education‚ construction. Travel and tourism are large categories
Premium International trade Export
Economic Issues Economic Growth Economic Growth involves an increase in the volume of goods and services that an economy produces over a period of time. It is measured by the annual rate of change in real Gross Domestic Product (GDP)‚ i.e. the percentage increase in the value of goods and services produced in an economy over a period of time‚ usually one year‚ adjusted for inflation Aggregate Demand Aggregate Demand (AD) is the total level of expenditure in the economy over a given period
Premium Inflation Unemployment
What are the Characteristics of International Trade? International trade takes place basically due to geographical specialisation. Every country specialises in the production of goods and services in which it has a specific advantage. For example‚ India has specific advantage in the production of jute and tea. Therefore‚ India exports these commodities to U.K. India imports steel from U.K. which U.K. can produce at a lower cost than India. 2. International competition: Producers from many
Premium International trade Pound sterling Currency
Economic Policy Reforms 2012 Going for Growth © OECD 2012 PART II Chapter 5 Reducing income inequality while boosting economic growth: Can it be done? This chapter identifies inequality patterns across OECD countries and provides new analysis of their policy and non-policy drivers. One key finding is that education and anti-discrimination policies‚ well-designed labour market institutions and large and/or progressive tax and transfer systems can all reduce income inequality. On this basis
Premium Tax Progressive tax
Why has international trade become less risky‚ less costly and even less time consuming then the past? Will business confidence likely grow even more in the future? There are multiple reasons for these common questions. Firstly‚ international trade has become less risky because traditional trade was regulated through bilateral treaties between two nations. For centuries under the belief in mercantilism most nations had high tariffs and many restrictions on international trade. Now most international
Premium International trade World Trade Organization Free trade
Economic Growth Economic growth is defined as a long-term expansion of the productive potential of the economy. Sustained economic growth should lead higher real living standards and rising employment. Short term growth is measured by the annual % change in real GDP. Economic growth is an increase in real national output or an expansion of the economy’s long-run productive potential. It is measured by the percentage change in real GDP or GNP. Inevitably there are fluctuations in the rate of growth
Premium Economics Inflation Economic growth
Modern non-tariff measures 1. Import deposit schemes: this requires importers to deposit a certain amount with the central bank of the country. This makes importing more time consuming and more expensive and reduces the liquidity of the importing firm. 2. Voluntary Export Restrain (VER): it is an agreement between two countries where the government of exporting country agrees voluntary to restrict the volume of its exports of a certain good. Ex. Japan’s VER with USA in the export of motor
Premium International trade Trade bloc
What does foreign direct investment really mean to Irish economy? Dawn side of MI! We want to dig a little big dipper in the foreign investment. ! ! Foreign Direct Investment (FDI)! Contribution of FDI to Irish economy! ¬ Contribution of the MNC’s to the Irish economy can be easily exaggerated by failing to take account of the high level of imports (including patents‚ royalties and other intangible inputs) and the very high level of repatriated profits.! The impact can be exaggerated and
Premium International trade European Union