Chapter 158 Distributions to Shareholders: Dividends and Repurchases ANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONS 158-1 a. The optimal distribution policy is one that strikes a balance between dividend yield and capital gains so that the firm’s stock price is maximized. b. The dividend irrelevance theory holds that dividend policy has no effect on either the price of a firm’s stock or its cost of capital. The principal proponents of this view are Merton Miller and Franco Modigliani (MM). They
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_____ 1. What is mean‚ variance and expectations? Mean - The mean of a discrete random variable X is a weighted average of the possible values that the random variable can take. Unlike the sample mean of a group of observations‚ which gives each observation equal weight‚ the mean of a random variable weights each outcome xi according to its probability‚ pi. The mean also of a random variable provides the long-run average of the variable‚ or the expected average outcome over many observations
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Frequency Distribution (A) Introduction 1. Ungrouped data versus grouped data Ungrouped data (Raw data): It is a list of individual observed values of the random variable Grouped data (a frequency distribution): It is a table that displays the data in grouping along with the number of occurrences that fall into each group. 2. The components of a frequency distribution a. Class limits: They identify the inclusive values in a class of a frequency distribution The
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19 Inventory Theory “Sorry‚ we’re out of that item.” How often have you heard that during shopping trips? In many of these cases‚ what you have encountered are stores that aren’t doing a very good job of managing their inventories (stocks of goods being held for future use or sale). They aren’t placing orders to replenish inventories soon enough to avoid shortages. These stores could benefit from the kinds of techniques of scientific inventory management that are described in this chapter
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Like all else‚ individuals have different views and opinions regarding which poetry is the best. For one individual‚ it may be Edgar Allan Poe’s “The Raven‚” while for another it may be Thomas Hardy’s “Channel Firing.” In my personal opinion‚ William Blake’s poem‚ “The Tyger” is one of the world’s greatest poems because of the poet’s use of the various literary and sound devices including: alliteration‚ consonance‚ assonance and repetition‚ among others‚ and also because of the poet’s use of questions
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Normal Distribution Normal distribution is a statistics‚ which have been widely applied of all mathematical concepts‚ among large number of statisticians. Abraham de Moivre‚ an 18th century statistician and consultant to gamblers‚ noticed that as the number of events (N) increased‚ the distribution approached‚ forming a very smooth curve. He insisted that a new discovery of a mathematical expression for this curve could lead to an easier way to find solutions to
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Assignment Q1Find the parameters of binomial distribution when mean=4 and variance=3. Q2. The output of a production process is 10% defective. What is the probability of selecting exactly two defectives in a sample of 5? Q3. It is observed that 80% of television viewers watch “Boogie-Woogie” Programme. What is the probability that at least 80% of the viewers in a random sample of five watch this Programme? Q4. The normal rate of infection of a certain disease in animals is known to
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goods is constant‚ the inventory model is called deterministic. However‚ when the demand rate is not constant and not deterministic‚ the inventory model is called probabilistic and is best described by a probability distribution. The minimum-cost order quantity and re-order policies are based on the assumptions of the demand rate. PROBABILISTIC INVENTORY MODELS 1. A single-period inventory model with probabilistic demand The single-period inventory model refers to inventory situations in which
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The Role of Inventory in the Supply Chain.’ $1.6 billion‚ it is an estimation of manufacturers’ and trade inventories in the United States in august 2012 (according to the US Department of Commerce). Inventory represents a significant part of company budgets. They are costly and can be risky‚ but the company spend a lot of money in inventories because they also provide some security for businesses. But what is exactly the role of inventory? Why it is required and what is its purpose
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Inventory Management UNIT 17 Objectives INVENTORY MANAGEMENT Upon completion of this unit‚ you should be able to: understand the meaning of inventory and identify inventory related cost parameters learn about various types of inventory policies appreciate the role of selective inventory management know the exchange curve concept for aggregate inventory planning get a feel of some mathematical models of inventory analysis perform sensitivity analysis on a type of model compute safety stocks
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