Marilyn Ray and Jean Watson’s Caring Theories Compared Winifred Hernandez National American University Abstract How is caring defined? In nursing‚ caring is an essential part of our profession. It is the foundation and initial approach used in our daily practice. There are many belief systems in which caring is examined. The two theories discussed in this paper are Marilyn Anne Ray’s Theory of Bureaucratic Caring and Jean Watson’s Theory of Human Caring. The Theory of Bureaucratic Caring was
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Human caring‚ according to Watson‚ is based on human values such as "kindness‚ concern‚ and love of self and others." She differentiates altruism from self-sacrifice and describes it as a fullness of being that allows the nurse to be authentically present with clients. Watson states that a humanistic-altruistic value system begins early in life but continues to be influenced through interactions with parents‚ family‚ friends‚ and others‚ including nurse educators. Furthermore‚ she asserts that such
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Piaget and Vygotsky: Similar Differences People recognize that Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky are two of the most influential thinkers in the world of developmental psychology. These two theorists are similar in several ways but are also different in at least one key area (Lourenço‚ p. 282). It is important for educators to understand the philosophies of each in order to become familiar with how children develop so that their students can receive the most benefit from instruction. Piaget: A Brief
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“Learned helplessness is a term specifying an organism learning to accept and endure unpleasant stimuli‚ and unwilling to avoid them‚ even when it is avoidable” (Seligman). Seligman’s best work was researching the learned helplessness theory of depression. In addition to formulating the five elements to "well-being"; positive emotion‚ engagement‚ relationships‚ meaning
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Psy150-OB Piaget: The Preoperational Child I worked with a six year old little girl named Lyla. When I asked Lyla “What holds the sun up in the sky?”‚ she replied‚ “nothing.” When I asked her “Why do trees have leaves?”‚ she replied‚ “I don’t know.” When I asked Lyla “Why does it rain?”‚ she replied‚ “So we can have water‚ duh!”. In the conservation of liquid task‚ I place two clear solo cups on a counter and I filled them equally with fruit punch‚ I had a clear empty vase on the side. I asked Lyla
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M3A1: Piaget Essay Piaget believes play to be related to cognitive development and that it helps children build knowledge and make sense of their world. Piaget promoted inquiry based learning that focused on children as being active learners in their environment‚ and included activities that are child directed‚ and child centered. Piaget’s theory of three educational principles discovery learning‚ sensitivity to children’s readiness to learn‚ and acceptance of individual differences continue to
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The first lesson Santiago learned was to find his Personal Legend. Santiago learned this particular lesson from Melchizedek‚ the king of Salem. Melchizedek wants Santiago to find out what his desires in life are and how he can accomplish that certain desire. After Santiago found what a Personal Legend was and how it was important in helping Santiago live a prosperous life‚ he ventured out on a voyage to Egypt. When we are younger‚ we knew somewhat of an idea what we wanted to be whenever we grow
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The actions of Macbeth best support the political theory of Jean-Jacques Rousseau because the wicked more powerful supernatural and also the powerfulness of being the king corrupts Macbeth with their evil spirits turning him into the maleficent person he becomes. After going to the witches and being told one day he will become king‚ Macbeth is deeply considering murdering King Duncan so he can have the power of being king. During the evening at Duncan’s castle where the naming of Macbeth as the
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“Nineteen things I’ve learned before I turned nineteen. 1. Always carry $5 and a lighter with you (even if you don’t smoke). 2. Ask every person you meet how their day is going. Genuinely ask with the soul intention of learning how their day is. Ask the coffee shop employee. Ask the person next to you in line at Walmart. Ask your distant friend. Ask everyone. 3. Take many photos of yourself. Take photos of yourself when you’re happy. Take photos of yourself when you’re sad. Take photos of yourself
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There are two theories of cognitive development‚ one discovered by Jean Piaget and the other by Lev Vygotsky. However‚ Vygotsky had more of a significance on social interactions in children’s cognitive development‚ than Piaget‚ and their specific r theories were informed by their own cultural influences. Cognitive development theory describes how humans acquire and make sense of themselves and their planet. The theory of cognitive development was first proposed by Jean Piaget. Piaget approached the
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