that: * Costs were lower than expected in the budget‚ or * Revenue/profits were higher than expected By contrast‚ an adverse variance might arise because: * Costs were higher than expected * Revenue/profits were lower than expected What causes budget variance? There are four key reasons and it is important that good managers recognise the differences‚ because the action required is may be completely different in each case. The four reasons are: 1. Faulty Arithmetic in the Budget
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use the incremental cash flows from each potential investment‚ or project. Techniques based on accounting earnings and accounting rules are sometimes used - though economists consider this to be improper - such as the accounting rate of return‚ and "return on investment." Simplified and hybrid methods are used as well‚ such as payback period and discounted payback period Net present value the net present value (NPV) or net present worth (NPW)[of a time series of cash flows‚ both incoming and
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Ratio Analysis and Statement of Cash Flows Financial ratios are "just a convenient way to summarize large quantities of financial data and to compare firms’ performance" (Brealey & Myer & Marcus‚ 2003‚ p. 450). Financial ratios are very useful tools in order to determine the health of a company‚ help managers to make decision‚ and help to compare companies that belong to the same industry in order to know about their performance. Home Depot and Lowe’s are two home improvement chains in the United
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Alcohol is a depressant that slowly begins to have an effect on the functions of the body. The alcohol quickly enters the bloodstream and then is carried throughout the body. The effect of excessive use of alcohol affects every system in the body‚ especially the brain‚ liver‚ and heart. These effects it has on the body is significant. The alteration of behavior is the first effect of alcohol affecting the brain. The brain is the central control system that controls muscle movement and memory process
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CHAPTER 12: CASH FLOW ESTIMATION AND RISK ANALYSIS 1. Because of improvements in forecasting techniques‚ estimating the cash flows associated with a project has become the easiest step in the capital budgeting process. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 2. Estimating project cash flows is generally the most important‚ but also the most difficult‚ step in the capital budgeting process. Methodology‚ such as the use of NPV versus IRR‚ is important‚ but less so than obtaining a reasonably accurate estimate
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Net Present Value‚ IRR‚ and the Payback Period Infomercial Entertainment‚ Inc. In the good of days—before cable TV‚ fax machines‚ and multimedia personal computers—the phrase‚"…and now a word from our sponsor…”usually meant just that‚ Television commercials were continued to thirty-and sixty—second messages‚ grouped together to occupy only two or three minutes of viewing time. Occasionally‚ if you stayed up late enough sitting in front of the tube‚ you’d see thirty minute segments on riveting topics
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1. What are the factors that likely explain the difference between Microsoft’s market value of equity and its reported book value of equity? Market value is the price at which an asset would trade in a competitive auction setting. Book value is the value of an asset according to its balance sheet account balance. The big difference is the inability to record certain intangible assets for example: brand value‚ human capital… these assets would provide earnings growth in the future and as far as
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MIRR VS. IRR Charles Beale Ashford University Business 650 Managerial Finance Professor Rick Kwan September 17‚ 2012 The Modified Internal Rate of Return is an underused measure for selection of projects that a company can choose because it is more effective at dealing effectively with periodic free cash flows that develop from the time that an asset is purchased through its life to the point where it is sold‚ ranking projects and variable rates of return through
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Analyze company cash flows East Coast Yachts has a strong operating cash flow highlighted by strong earnings before interest and taxes of $88‚416‚000. With the addition of $20‚160‚000 in depreciation and subtraction of $30‚921‚000 in taxes‚ they managed an operating cash flow of $77‚654‚400. East Coast Yachts appears to be in or approaching a growth mode with their capital spending on fixed assets increasing by $60‚000‚000 during the fiscal year. However‚ they made the wise move of reducing
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increase your heart rate. Effects of this stimulation speed up your blood flow because of an increase in heart rate‚ as well as an increase in blood sugar‚ urine production and body temperature. Function Physiologically‚ caffeine stimulates the receptors within your heart to beat faster by blocking the enzyme phosphodiesterace. Phosphodiesterace works together with another enzyme‚ cyclic AMP‚ to keep your heart rate at its normal range. Once phosphodiesterace is blocked‚ the check system is no longer
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