Individualism - the lack of it or the excess of it - has often been considered a major problem in the modernization of China. In the early decades of this century reformers championed individualism in opposition to traditional authority in both thought and social life‚ and especially in opposition to the "Confucian" family system. Others contended that what thwarted China’s modernization was not the absence of individualism but rather a surplus of it. The common term for "individualism"
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THEME OF ISOLATION IN AMERICAN LITERATURE--COLLECTED ESSAYS AND NOTES ; TONI MORRISON Toni Morrison and bell hooks Represent Blacks in American Literature Two widely known and influential authors‚ bell hooks and Toni Morrison‚ share similar beliefs and themes with regards to the black community. One theme in particular that the two writers emphasize is the representation of blacks in American literature today. hooks feels that African Americans are misrepresented‚ where Morrison believes
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The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/0140-9174.htm Individualism‚ collectivism‚ selected personality traits‚ and psychological contract in employment A comparative study Jun Zhao College of Business and Public Administration‚ Governors State University‚ University Park‚ Illinois‚ USA‚ and Psychological contract 289 Lijun Chen College of Public Administration‚ Zhejiang University‚ Hangzhou‚ Zhejiang‚ People’s Republic of China
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Individualism or Society? The human trait known as individualism can be understood in two distinct ways. The first implies an individual’s aspiration to self-reliance or independence‚ and the need to exist as individual human beings. The second‚ by contrast‚ is understood as a social theory which prioritises freedom of action by individuals over the authority of an all-powerful state. As far as the second conception is concerned‚ individualism as a discrete construct of Western thought really came
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The Role of Nature in American Literature The role of Nature in human life is a recurring theme in American literature from early Native American writings‚ through the Romantic and Transcendentalist eras‚ and is even examined in contemporary works. In the early Native writing‚ Nature is portrayed with divinity as something that not only enables‚ but also sustains human life. However‚ in the seventeenth century‚ European settlers largely rejected this view of Nature as they embraced the intellectual
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Forced to be Free Ever since the fall of feudal societies‚ all men have shared an obsession with individualism. Even in the days of fierce nationalism during WWI‚ the idea was still seen as the individual’s endorsement of the state rather than the state’s imposition of an idea. This obsession with individualism reaches not only politics‚ but art‚ culture‚ and even religion (the protestant reform); these ideas shape our modern world and are a driving force in the way each of us think in our daily
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against the evil of the world. The concerns of the individual do not matter‚ so long as the idea of Big Brother‚ and consequently‚ the Party‚ are upheld. While Winston is being tortured in the Ministry of Truth‚ O’Brien explains to Winston how his individualism has detached him from the Party and made him insane “But I tell you‚ Winston‚ that reality is not external. Reality exists in the human mind‚ and nowhere else. Not in the individual mind‚ which can make mistakes‚ and in any case soon perishes:
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tragedy. The play indicates how once a chain of events has been set in motion‚ it’s impossible to undo the past. It reflects Shakespeare and the situation he was in at the time. Macbeth showed us the essence of anti-humanity caused by extreme individualism. This play’s storyline was not like Shakespeare’s original plays‚ it’s exactly based on facts. William Shakespeare wrote Macbeth in 1606. He wrote Macbeth to entertain and win the approval of King James I. King James I “had previously been James
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Privilege of Individualism What if our whole lives we had to live as all others did‚ completely stripped of our identity and sense of self? Ray Bradbury proposes such a world in his short story “The Pedestrian‚” a story about a middle-aged man‚ Leonard Mead‚ living in a uniform‚ monotonous society yet doesn’t quite follow its tacit rules. Through diction and metaphors‚ Ray Bradbury shows that a uniform society suppresses individuality‚ and in doing so supports the idea of individualism.
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affects not only what people do‚ but also how they do it. Next paragraph will be explaining the difference in behavioral responses to low job satisfaction and job alternatives in different cultural contexts‚ followed by the factors affercting behavioral responses in horizontal individualism and vertical collectivism cultures. The last chapter will consist of summary of factors‚ recommendations for global managers how to enhance cross cultural work‚ and conclusion. Individualism and collectivism
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