EQCapj‚t Where‚ DPSj‚t refers to dividend per share for company j in year t; Dividendj‚t refers to amount of dividend paid by company j in year t; and EQCapj‚t refers to paid -up equity capital for firm j in year t.Equity capital is employed instead of the usual number of outstanding shares in the denominator as it facilitates comparison of rupee dividend paid per share by removing the impact of different face or par values Dividend payout ratio (PR) is
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This “gap” has since become known as the intermediate stage‚ Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). The discovery of this intermediate stage is a relatively new topic which requires further research into certain areas. Some of these areas include: an agreed upon diagnostic criteria‚ the causes and the treatments. Without an agreed upon diagnostic criteria‚ it is difficult for researchers and rating scales to clarify what is categorised as Mild
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Figure 1 shows the structure of 2MBI‚ 2MBI-Au‚ 2MBI-Pd and 2MBI-Ni before and after structure optimization. The drawn 2MBI is presented in Figure 2a and the optimized structure of 2MBI is illustrated in Figure 2b. The most important lengths and angles of bonds for the optimized structure of 2MBI are reported in Table 1. In the optimized structure of 2MBI component‚ S-H‚ S-C‚ C-N bond lengths and the HSC‚ SCN‚ CNH‚ SCN(H) bond angles were 1.386A°‚ 1.667A°‚ 1.377A°‚ 93.291°‚ 125.921°‚ 126.521°‚ 120
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What Is An Organizational Structure? An organizational structure defines the reporting relationships in a company - in other words‚ who works for who. Companies choose an organizational structure based on many factors‚ including their size‚ their geographic dispersion‚ and the number of different products and services they offer. What Is A Functional Organizational Structure? In a functional organizational structure ‚ an organization’s reporting relationships are grouped based on specialty‚ or functional
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MM with capital structure In 1958‚ Modigliani and Merton Miller in their classical paper “The Cost of Capital‚ Corporation Finance and the Theory of Investment”‚ talked something about capital structure as follow: Consider any company j and let Xj stand as before for the expected return on the assets owned by the company (that is‚ its expected profit before deduction of interest). Denote by Di the market value of the debts of the company; by Sj the market value of its common shares; and by V j
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industry demand and price‚ along with rising fuel prices and an economic recession. These pressures now force Du Pont to source its financing through debt‚ foregoing its risk averse capital structure policy in the past. It now aims to determine the most feasible capital structure that will enable it to finance capital expenditures vital to its competitive advantage while maintaing its financial flexibility. Du Pont now faces two alternatives: 1) Reduce the debt/total capitalization ratio
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UNIVERSITY On Capital Structure - Trends‚ Determinants & Issues in India with reference to banking sector: A case study of YES Bank. BY Shalini Shashidharan. M.Com. June 2013 Introduction – Background study The theory of capital structure is an important reference theory in any enterprise’s financing policy. The capital structure includes mixture of debt and equity financing and finding an optimal capital structure is one of the most important and
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CHAPTER 13: CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND LEVERAGE 1. A firm’s business risk is largely determined by the financial characteristics of its industry‚ especially by the amount of debt the average firm in the industry uses. a. True b. False ANSWER: False 2. Financial risk refers to the extra risk borne by stockholders as a result of a firm’s use of debt as compared with their risk if the firm had used no debt. a. True b. False ANSWER: True 3. A firm’s capital structure does not affect its free cash
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THE JOURNAL OF FINANCE • VOL. LIII‚ NO. 4 • AUGUST 1998 Agency Costs‚ Risk Management‚ and Capital Structure HAYNE E. LELAND* ABSTRACT The joint determination of capital structure and investment risk is examined. Optimal capital structure ref lects both the tax advantages of debt less default costs ~Modigliani and Miller ~1958‚ 1963!!‚ and the agency costs resulting from asset substitution ~Jensen and Meckling ~1976!!. Agency costs restrict leverage and debt maturity and increase yield
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debt to total capital approaching 70%‚ as opposed to a target ratio of 60%. While some investors welcome HCA’s more aggressive use of leverage‚ others are worried that HCA’s capital structure could decrease the company’s current A bond rating. As a result of increased debt‚ a decline in HCA’s first-quarter earnings per share could occur. The company faces the problem of deciding what should be done to its capital structure and whether reducing the ratio of debt to total capital to match the target
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