CASE 4-33 ACCOUNTING | 15% Commission | 20% Commission | Own Sales Force @ 7.5% | Sales | $ 16‚000‚000 | 100% | $ 16‚000‚000 | 100% | $ 16‚000‚000 | 100% | Variable Expenses: | | | | | | | Manufacturing | $ 7‚200‚000 | | $ 7‚200‚000 | | $ 7‚200‚000 | | Commissions | $ 2‚400‚000 | | $ 3‚200‚000 | | $ 1‚200‚000 | | Total Variable Expenses | $ 9‚600‚000 | 60% | $ 10‚400‚000 | 65% | $ 8‚400‚000 | 52.5% | Contribution
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LEAN ACCOUNTING: BEST PRACTICES FOR SUSTAINABLE INTEGRATION "Costs do not exist to be calculated. Costs exist to be reduced.” – Taiichi Ohno‚ father of the Toyota Production System Lean Accounting-It is simply the application of lean principles to the accounting and associated functions within the enterprise. The idea is simple‚ but the application is not obvious within the framework of traditional accounting systems. Lean Accounting was born in the early 90’s through the experiences
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HISTORY OF ACCOUNTING Primitive Accounting Traced as far as 8500 BC in Mesopotamia through the use of clay like: a. Record for paid wages b. Record purposes‚ as general Pyramids in Egypt‚ for the costs of structures Other places like China‚ Babylon‚ and Greece Middle Ages More formal account-keeping methods were developed by the merchants and banks. Double-entry records first appeared in Genoa in 1340 AD. First accounting book was written by Contrugli in Naples Summa de Arithmetica
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DEVELOPMENTS THAT CONSTITUTE MOST SIGNIFICANT IMPACT OF WW1 Treaty of Versailles. The demands by the Allies for Germany accepting responsibility for causing the war (war guilt clause) and in particular France’s attempt to destroy Germany (economically and territorially) rather than follow the fairer Wilson’s ’14 Points’ agreed by Germany at the armistice paved the way for discontentment‚ social unrest and eventually created a political vacuum filled by right wing extremists. The fact that Germany
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"Financial accounting produces information for external parties such as stockholders‚ suppliers‚ banks‚ and government regulatory agencies" (Horngren‚ Sundem‚ & Stratton‚ 2005‚ p. 5). "Financial accountants prepare financial statements based on general ledgers and participate in important financial decisions involving mergers & acquisitions‚ benefits/ERISA planning and long-term financial projections"(Accounting: Job Options‚ 2000). These reports are used by owners of a business‚ or by people who
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ETHICS IN ACCOUNTING Presented by: Rojina Sapkota Abhilasha Thapa Pooja Shah Sandeep Gautam Mendhala Lama Gurung AND THE ACCOUNTING PROFESSION What is ETHICS? -All about making right choices and producing good behavior What is ETHICS in ACCOUNTING? -Being responsible enough to behave as a TRUSTWORTHY accountant. ROLE/IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS IN ACCOUNTING To provide true knowledge of the financial transactions taking place. To ensure correct decision making . WHAT IS AN ETHICAL DILEMMA
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Jim McFie‚ a Fellow of the Institute of Certified Public Accountants of Kenya FASB (the Financial Accounting Standards Board‚ a US body) was the first organization to develop “Concepts Statements”. All the other “Concepts Statements” have been based on those developed by FASB. A new “Conceptual Framework for Financial Reporting” was worked on jointly by FASB and IASB (the International Accounting Standards Board) and was published simultaneously by FASB and IASB in September 2010. It deals with
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ACTG2010 Exam-AID session. It is intended for students enrolled in any section of Introduction to Financial Accounting – ACTG2010 course who are looking for an additional resource to assist their studies in preparation for the exam. References Friedlan‚ John. Financial Accounting: A Critical Approach. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson‚ 2010. Print. Richardson‚ Alan J. Cases in Financial Accounting: A Principles-based Approach. Toronto‚ ON: Nelson‚ 2007. Print. Contents Chapter 1: page 2 Chapter
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costs Labor costs of assembly-line workers $110‚000 – Direct labor Sales commissions $35‚000 – Period costs Factory supplies used $13‚000 – Direct materials Salaries paid to sales clerks $50‚000 – Period costs (b) Explain the basic difference in accounting for product costs and period costs. Product costs are manufacturing costs‚ direct components‚ direct labor and manufacturing overhead‚ do not become expenditures until the company sells inventory. Period costs are non-manufacturing costs‚ including
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Assignment – Social Accounting What is Social Accounting? “Social accounting and auditing is about understanding the impact of organisations on our society and the overarching context is sustainability: both sustainability of the organisation itself (the interrelation of the social‚ the environmental‚ the cultural and the financial) and sustainability of behaviour which contributes to a future for the people and the planet. Social accounting is distinct from evaluation in that it is an internally
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