trading‚ require cost accounting to track their activities.[1] Cost accounting has long been used to help managers understand the costs of running a business. Modern cost accounting originated during the industrial revolution‚ when the complexities of running a large scale business led to the development of systems for recording and tracking costs to help business owners and managers make decisions. In the early industrial age‚ most of the costs incurred by a business were what modern accountants
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Direct to Indirect Characterization Little seven year old Luke walked into the kitchen‚ tracking black footprints into the room and said to his mom‚ “Rudy has black spots now! Don’t you like it!” His mother had a stern look on her face and responded‚ “Luke‚ I told you to leave that poor cat alone.” Rudy slowly sneaked into the room drenched in black paint. He gave out a low “Meow” and looked up to the mother with pleading eyes‚ as if he were saying “Help me please.” The mother told
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There are specific differences between direct finance and indirect finance. There are six main functions of financial intermediaries and they are: * Size transformation can only be made by financial intermediaries‚ savers/depositors are prepared to lend smaller amounts of money than the amounts required by borrowers. Banks perform the size transformation function exploiting economies of scale associated with the lending/borrowing function. * Maturity transformation which is that savers generally
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We already know that following are the important cost concepts related to the production process of a firm: • Fixed Cost • Varibale Cost • Average Cost • Marginal Cost please refer to following page Introduction to Cost Concepts to understand various cost concepts in detail. Here we will briefly state again the meaning of above stated cost concepts for better understanding of the module on short run cost analysis. Fixed Cost is that cost which does not change (that is either goes up or
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COST ANALYSIS OBJECTIVES INTRODUCTION MEANING DEFINITIONS TYPES OF COSTS MONETARY COSTS REAL COSTS OPPORTUNITY COSTS ECONOMIC COSTS ACCOUNTING COSTS INCREMENTAL COSTS SUNK COSTS FUTURE COSTS PRIVATE‚ EXTERNAL AND SOCIAL COSTS FIXED / SUPPLEMENTARY / OVERHEAD COSTS VARIABLE / PRIME COSTS REPLACEMENT COSTS PRODUCTION COSTS SELLING COSTS CONTROLLABLE COSTS DIRECT COSTS INDIRECT COSTS SHORT RUN COSTS CURVES LONG RUN COSTS CURVES OBJECTIVES To understand the meaning of cost. To discuss different types
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Desalination 223 (2008) 448–456 Water desalination cost literature: review and assessment Ioannis C. Karagiannis*‚ Petros G. Soldatos Agricultural University of Athens‚ Department of Agricultural Economics & Rural Development‚ 75 Iera Odos Street‚ GR 11855 Athens‚ Greece Tel. +30 210 5294769; Fax +30 210 5294776; email: i.karagiannis@aua.gr Received 21 December 2006; accepted 28 February 2007 Abstract As water resources are rapidly being exhausted‚ more and more interest is paid to the desalination
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activities; c. Productive activities‚ such as finished goods transportation‚ storage‚ customer contact‚ order processing‚ etc. d. Sales activities to let customers understand and buying of goods‚ such as advertising‚ promotion‚ marketing agency costs‚ etc; e. Service activities‚ including training‚ repair‚ maintenance‚ components renewal etc‚ aiming at improving the added value of products. Auxiliary activities: a. Procurement activities‚ to refer to the purchase of used in enterprise value
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COST CLASSIFICATION CONCEPT OF COST: DEFINITION: A SACRIFICE OR GIVING UP OF RESOURCES FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE FREQUENTLY MEASURED BY THE MONETARY UNITS (RUPEES‚ DOLLARS) THAT MUST BE PAID FOR GOODS AND SERVICES . ➢ EMPHASIS ON COST INFORMATION: MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTANTS PAY A LOT OF ATTENTION TO COSTS BECAUSE COST HAVE A VITAL ROLE TO PLAY IN PLANNING ‚ EVALUATING AND DECISION MAKING. FOR EXAMPLE IN PLANNING THE ROUTE AND FLIGHT SCHEDULES THE MANAGER OF AN AIR LINE MUST CONSIDER
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understanding about cost accounting. This paper will discuss: Why is cost accounting so important to the success of the firm; what are the various methods of cost accounting and how are they used; how does an operating budget work to discipline a firm’s management; what are the elements of a budget; how are budgets constructed; what is variance analysis and how it is used. Cost accounting can be described as the process of accumulating‚ measuring‚ analyzing‚ interpreting and reporting cost information
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Meeting 1 MRF’s File COST ACCOUNTING “An Introduction to Cost Terms and Purposes” Assistant Lecturer: M. Ryan Firmansyah Problem 1 (Quiz 1 September 8‚ 2009) Consider the following costs that were incurred during the current year. Evaluate whether the cost is: 1. A product cost or a period cost 2. Variable or fixed in terms of behavior 3. For the product cost‚ whether it is classified as direct material‚ direct labor‚ or manufacturing overhead No. 1 Descriptions Product Cost Period Variable Fixed
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