ABSTRACT Most research in Machine translation is about having the computers completely bear the load of translating one human language into another. This paper looks at the machine translation problem afresh and observes that there is a need to share the load between man and machine‚ distinguish ‘reliable’ knowledge from the ‘heuristics’‚ provide a spectrum of outputs to serve different strata of people‚ and finally make use of existing resources instead of reinventing the wheel. This paper describes
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Equivalence in Translation Introduction Dynamic equivalence‚ as a respectable principle of translation‚ has been around in the translation sector for a long time. It is the method whereby the translator ’s purpose is not to give a literal‚ word-for-word rendition but to transfer the meaning of the text as would be best expressed in the words of the receptor (native) language. In this paper‚ we will focus on the criteria necessary to qualify dynamic equivalence with special reference to Eugene
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A Day Is Lost If One Has Not Laughed Noticing someone smile‚ laugh at a joke‚ or a little giggle just to show some teeth can brighten or uplift anyones day. When a friend or family member is feeling down‚ usually you see the person helping them through it by trying to crack a joke to put a smile on their face. I know from experience‚ laughing at someone or laughing with someone‚ can force me to see a different outlook on life situations and put me in a more preferred mood. An average person
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Gender and Translation Accuracy Salar Manafi Anari[1] (Professor‚ Allameh Tabataba ’i University) Maliheh Ghodrati[2] (M.A. Graudate from Science and Research Campus‚ Islamic Azad University) Abstract The aim of this study was to identify the role of the gender of the translator on the accuracy of the translation‚ and to determine whether there is any difference between the translations done by female and male translators in terms of translation accuracy. Two English novels and
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Translation as a social phenomena Translation Problems in Modern Russian Society The development of trade and industry has always given rise to changes in the evolution of communities‚ bringing about new social forms and stratification of society. This in its turn accelerated the appearance of businesses and factories‚ arrival of new professions‚ and urbanization. Since the times of Perestroika (which was started in 1989 by Mikhail Gorbatchev) Russian society has been experiencing dramatic
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Metaphor and translation: some implications of a cognitive approach ¨ Christina Schaffner* School of Languages and European Studies‚ Aston University‚ Aston Triangle‚ Birmingham B4 7ET‚ UK Received 5 June 2003; received in revised form 12 September 2003; accepted 8 October 2003 Abstract Metaphor has been widely discussed within the discipline of Translation Studies‚ predominantly with respect to translatability and transfer methods. It has been argued that metaphors can become a translation problem
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Translation as a process Translating goes well beyond the mere univocal conversion of terms between two languages. A translator’s art is to transpose meaning from one culture to another‚ with a skillful choice of linguistic tools. A translator’s aptitude is rigorously measured on the basis of knowledge of the subject matter‚ ability to identify with the contents‚ accuracy and adherence to the source text. Translation memories‚ glossaries and style guides are essential work tools and are tailored
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EQUIVALENCE IN TRANSLATION: SOME PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGIES | | |By Nababan‚ PhD | Published 10/21/2008 | Translation Theory | Recommendation:[pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] | | |Contact the author | | |Quicklink: http://www.proz.com/doc/2071 | | |[pic][pic][pic][pic]
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What is translation? Describe brief history of translation. Definitions of translation: * The process of translating words or text from one language into another: "Constantine’s translation of Arabic texts into Latin". * A written or spoken rendering of the meaning of a word‚ speech‚ book‚ or other text‚ in another language. Term translation refers to several meanings: * It refers to general subject field * The text that has been translated * process What is translation
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completely remove Styrofoam from going to landfills. The goal of this report is to closely examine options available for initiating and continuing a Styrofoam recycling program throughout the whole campus. The scope of this report extends only to the logistics of the recycling program‚ which consists of three main categories: the Recyclable Materials‚ Collection and Storage‚ and Pick-up and Drop-off of Styrofoam. A sister report for this project is being written by another group‚ to analyze the
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