forecasts as input to manufacturing planning and control. The whole process has been termed as Demand Management. "Manufacturing organizations‚ whatever their products‚ face the same daily practical problem - that customers want products to be available in a shorter time than it takes to make them. This means that some level of planning is required." Companies need to control the types and quantities of materials they purchase‚ plan which products are to be produced and in what quantities and ensure
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Question1. What is meant by GMP? Give a brief account on historical background of GMP. Answer: GMP is defined as Good Manufacturing Practices are practices and the system requirements to be adapted in pharmaceutical manufacturing‚ quality control‚ quality system covering the manufacture and testing of pharmaceuticals of drugs including active pharmaceutical ingredients‚ diagnostics‚ foods‚ pharmaceutical products and medical devices. GMP guidelines are not prescriptive instructions on how to manufacture
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that the supplier must ensure that all parts are within tolerance before shipment to the customer‚ what is the effect on the cost of quality to the customer? Cost of quality is the cost associated with the quality of a work product. As defined by Crosby in his "Quality Is Free"‚ Cost Of Quality (COQ) has two main components: Cost Of Conformance and *Cost Of Non-Conformance. Another view is that cost of quality is the amount of money a business loses because its product or service is not done right
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Cost allocation for indirect costs Cost Pool – Set of costs that are added together before being allocated to cost objects on some common basis Cost Driver/ Allocation base Cost Object Cost Driver Rate = Total Costs in Pool/ Total Quantity of Driver Where total quantity of driver = practical capacity of driver Cost of excess capacity = Cost Driver Rate * Excess capacity Predetermined overhead rate - cost per unit of the allocation base used to charge overhead to products. Predetermined
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What is Lean? Running an operation lean means: Removal of waste of all kinds (e.g. time‚ motion‚ inventory‚ poor cost of quality‚ etc.) An organization that stimulates productivity and quality An organization using value-added processes Low Quality = High Waste High Quality = Low Waste and Higher Value There are several ways to be Lean— TQM Six Sigma SMED (Single Minute Exchange of Die) PM/TPM (Preventive Maintenance/Total Preventive Maintenance) JIT (Just In Time) Continuous Improvement/Kaizen
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sentence true? Manufacturing companies that benefit the most from activity-based costing are those where overhead costs are a _________ percentage of total product cost and where there is ___________ diversity among the various products that they produce. A) low‚ little B) low‚ considerable C) high‚ little D) high‚ considerable 17. Would factory security and assembly activities be best classified at an appliance manufacturing plant as unit-level
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Chapter 2—Cost Terminology and Cost Behaviors MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The term "relevant range" as used in cost accounting means the range over which a. | costs may fluctuate. | b. | cost relationships are valid. | c. | production may vary. | d. | relevant costs are incurred. | ANS: B PTS: 1 DIF: Easy OBJ: 2-2 NAT: AACSB: Reflective Thinking LOC: AICPA Functional Competencies: Measurement‚ Reporting 2. Which of the following defines variable cost behavior
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MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY Prepared by: PRINCE ABDULLAH MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY What is manufacturing: Manufacturing is a Latin word. ‘Manu’ means ‘Hand’ and ‘Facts’ means ‘Made By’. Manufacturing is defined as: “Process of converting raw material into the useful products by considering‚ 1. Design of the product. 2. Selection of the material. 3. Sequence of processes by which it is manufactured”. Manufacturing Engineering: “Manufacturing
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Riordan Manufacturing: Profit and Loss Statement Analysis BSA/310 An effective indicator of a business’s overall performance and efficiency is the profit and loss statement. A profit and loss statement‚ more commonly referred to as an income statement‚ is a report of the changes in the income and expense accounts over a specific period of time. It provides a valuable source for identifying marketing trends‚ understanding the strengths and potential weak areas of a business‚ and measuring the
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Sea oil fields. (The Norwegian currency is the krone‚ which is denoted by Nkr.) The company uses a sob-order costing system arid applies manufacturing overhead cost to jobs on the basis of direct labor-hours. At the beginning of the year‚ the following estimates were made for the purpose of computing the predetermined overhead rate: manufacturing overhead cost‚ Nkr360‚000; and direct labor-hours‚ 900. The following transactions took place during the year (all purchases and services were acquired
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