Q4) what are the advantages and disadvantages to a firm of operating on a large scale? Economies of scale fall under microeconomics and are the cost advantages a business obtains due to expansion. As scale is increased they cause a producers average cost per unit to fall. Microeconomics (from Greek prefix micro- meaning "small" and "economics") is a branch of economics in which you study the behaviour of how the individual firms make decisions to allocate limited resources. Normally‚ it applies
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Examine what is meant by consideration and consider what amounts to good or sufficient consideration. Consideration is an essential element for the formation and enforcement of a contract. It is the barge by which agreements are enforced in English contract law. It makes simple the process of parties creating contract. Curry v Misa‚ is one of the cases where the courts defined consideration as a benefit‚ a right‚ a profit to one party‚ a forbearance‚ a loss to another. Dunlop v selfridges.
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CHAPTER 11: THE COST OF CAPITAL LEARNING GOALS: 1. Understand the key assumptions‚ the basic concept and the specific sources of capital associated with the cost of capital. 2. Determine the cost of long-term debt and the cost of preferred stock. 3. Calculate the cost of common stock equity and convert it into the cost of retained earnings and the cost of new issues of common stock. 4. Calculate the weighted average cost of capital (WACC) and discuss alternative weighing schemes
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Managerial theories of the firm Managerial theories of the firm place emphasis on various incentive mechanisms in explaining the behaviour of managers and the implications of this conduct for their companies and the wider economy. According to traditional theories‚ the firm is controlled by its owners and thus wishes to maximise short run profits. The more contemporary managerial theories of the firm examine the possibility that the firm is controlled not by its owners‚ but by its managers‚ and
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BORN GLOBAL FIRMS The concept of Born Global Firms can be defined as various characteristics or various criteria since it was first introduced into business theory. It has been suggested that a Born Global Firms is a new firm which make at least one international sale to any new market within two years (Australian and New Zealand Academy of Management‚ 2009). While there is another theory stated that Born Global Firms can be considered as early adopters of internationalization. Cavusgil and Knight
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cost of capital. . If the business earns more than its cost of capital‚ the market value of the business will increase. Likewise‚ if returns on long-term investments are below the cost of capital‚ market values will decline. Therefore‚ how we manage capital is extremely important to fulfilling the basic objective of increased shareholder value. This report is basically concentrated on the topic of “Firm & Industry cost of capital”. And then there is an empirical analysis of cost of capital on pharmaceutical
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export of primary goods and importation of manufactured goods. He argued that the over population of the islands provided an economic rationale for an industrialization strategy based on the export of labor intensive manufacturers. However since capital and technology was short in islands‚ foreign investors were invited to assist in that plan. Foreign investors would provide distribution channels in overseas markets as they have done with Puerto Rico. His recommendations became the basis of industrial
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Case Questions Case #5 – Marriott Corporation: The Cost of Capital 1. Are the four components of Marriott’s financial strategy consistent with its growth objective? 2. How does Marriott use its estimate of its cost of capital? Does this make sense? 3. What is the weighted average cost of capital for Marriott Corporation? a. What risk free rate and risk premium did you use to calculate the cost of equity? b. How did you measure Marriott’s cost of debt? 4. If Marriott used a single corporate
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ISSN 2278 - 8875 International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical‚ Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering Vol. 1‚ Issue 2‚ August 2012 Optimal Placement of DG in Radial Distribution Network for Minimization of Losses Ram Singh1‚ Gursewak Singh Brar2 and Navdeep Kaur3 Assistant Professor‚ Deptt. of Electrical Engineering‚ Baba Hira Singh Bhattal Institute of Engg. & Technology‚ Lehragaga‚ Punjab‚ India. 2 Associate Professor‚ Deptt. of Electrical Engineering‚ Baba Banda Singh Bahadur
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Internal capital rationing Impositions of restrictions by a firm on the funds allocated for fresh investment is called internal capital rationing. This decision may be the result of a conservative policy pursued by a firm. Restriction may be imposed on divisional heads on the total amount that they can commit on new projects.Another internal restriction for capital budgeting decision may be imposed by a firm based on the need to generate a minimum rate of return. Under this criterion only projects
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