Causal reasoning in financial reporting and voluntary disclosure This paper examines causal reasoning‚ applying the theories to financial reporting. Causal reasoning involves diagnosis (determining the cause of an effect) and prediction (vice versa). These are important and commonplace amongst analysts‚ investors and management regarding company earnings and share prices. However‚ there is very little recent research employing causal reasoning theories to this field. Attribution theory describes
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to the carrying value just if there has been no change recorded in the value of the asset since acquisition. In this manner‚ the accounting report does not demonstrate genuine value of assets. Historical cost is reprimanded for its mistake since it may not reflect current market valuation. As indicated by GAAP standards‚ fixed assets ought to be at historical cost less accumulated depreciation.
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Why has the value of cash increased over time? * Thomas W. Bates Arizona State University Thomas.Bates@asu.edu Ching-Hung (Henry) Chang Arizona State University Ching-Hung.Chang@asu.edu Jianxin (Daniel) Chi University of Nevada‚ Las Vegas Daniel.Chi@unlv.edu First Draft: January 2011 This Draft: December 2011 Abstract: The value of cash holdings by U.S. non-financial firms has increased significantly over the past three decades. An additional dollar of cash holdings is valued at $0.61 in
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embark with me onto to curvy road of my life. This is my life as i see it in ten years into the future. This is my story‚ As a senior in high school‚ I am barely thinking about how my life will be like until now. I have a lot of friends that would severly miss me after we have moved on‚ but only a few would stay by my side forever. Many of my friends were going to college when fall came back around while I was taking a year off from college to spend time with family and friends‚ but most importantly
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consists of the capability of self-disclosure. The self-disclosure theory is a tenacity revelation of particular info to other individual (Howard‚ 2011). Disclosure might consist of allocation both high-risk and low-risk info as well as individual involvements thoughts and assertiveness‚ approaches and principles‚ historical realities and life stories‚ and even forthcoming expectations‚ visions‚ goals‚ and aims. In sharing data about yourself‚ you make decisions about what to share and using whom to share
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My dog names Panda is 10 years old now‚ so this paragraph will investigate the differences and similarities between a period of puppy and now. The first thing is behavior. When Panda was young‚ it is like normal puppies which are naughty and energetic‚ therefore‚ it likes to run around the house and bark everything that has movement. On the other hand‚ now Panda has less energetic‚ sleep all days and easy to exhaust. However‚ similar behavior is always following owners. Then until now‚ Panda always
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ending inventory of 6‚000 units will be valued at the rate of purchases made at the last of the month. The 4‚000 units will be valued at the rate of $4.00 which has been purchased on 25th September and remaining 2‚000 units will be valued at the rate of $3.50 which has been purchased on 16th September. The cost of ending inventory under FIFO is $23‚000. c. Last-in‚ first-out (FIFO): under LIFO the goods purchased last is sold first. The cost of goods sold of 7‚000 units is calculated as
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The Takaful system is based on the principles of mutual co-operation and responsibility between participants in a group. It is defined as an Islamic insurance concept which is grounded in Islamic muamalat (Islamic banking)‚ observing the rules and regulations of Islamic law. * There are two criteria which the Takaful consumers’ depend on to gain the confidence on the product. First‚ the operations of the business must fully comply with Shariah principles and second‚ the consequential wealth
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The workplace has changed rapidly in the last two decades. These changes have been caused by improving technology‚ developing industry‚ globalization and many another affecters. Because of these changes employees can pick their job based on their level. According to Osborne (2012‚ p.123)‚ as technology has improved in many ways like internet speed or different convenient techniques‚ it allows employees to do a better job from home. Like this‚ the development of technology allows you to contact with
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Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act The Credit Card Accountability‚ Responsibility‚ and Disclosure Act was signed into law by President Obama on may 22‚ 2009 and is suppose to protect consumers and to “bring some common sense and rationality into our financial system” (Robert Gibbs‚ the White House spokesman). The act forces credit card issuers to rework their market and profit strategies while it makes the life in many ways easier for consumers who already hold a credit
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