Internal validity - means that the conclusion which comes from an experiment is valid for the respondents who participated in the experiment. For any experimental design‚ we always require interval validity‚ without which experimental results are not interpretable. Threats to Internal Validity Selection - Subjects bring with them into the investigation unique characteristics‚ some learned and some inherent. Examples include sex‚ height‚ weight‚ color‚ attitude‚ personality‚ motor
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Discuss potential challenges to validity and reliability of your research question‚ data‚ and analysis. Validity and reliability are the backbone of what is accepted as scientific proof by researchers. Potential challenges to reliability of a research question‚ data‚ and analyses are any significant results must be repeatable. Anyone who wanted to perform the same experiment applying the same conditions should arrive at the same result. If this is successful this reinforces the results
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Discuss the Reliability of One Cognitive Process Memory is an example of a cognitive process‚ in other words it is a process by which knowledge is gained. This essay will attempt to explain the internal processes which are involved in memory and try to determine whether or not our memories as mental process of knowing‚ reasoning and judging can be considered reliable sources of information. First of all‚ memory is defined as the process of retaining and recalling past events or experiences.
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Student Characteristics “From the 1970s through today‚ colleges have developed two basic marketoriented desires. They want to plan and forecast their enrollment more effectively‚ and they want to influence the college-going decision-making process of desired students” (Paulsen‚ 1990). To accomplish these practical objectives‚ enrollment managers must first understand the factors that influence college choice—student characteristics‚ environmental factors‚ and institutional attributes. Similarly
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"Conscientization is an ongoing process by which a learner moves toward critical consciousness. This process is the heart of liberatory education. It differs from "consciousness raising" in that the latter may involve transmission of preselected knowledge. Conscientization means breaking through prevailing mythologies to reach new levels of awareness—in particular‚ awareness of oppression‚ being an "object" of others’ will rather than a self-determining "subject." The process of conscientization involves
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Neil J Salkind defines internal validity as‚ “the quality of an experimental design such that the results obtained are attributed to the manipulation of the independent variable. In other words‚ if what you see is a function of what you did‚ then the experiment has internal validity.” (p. 235). When conducting research with experimental designs‚ researchers usually have two groups to test their experiment. These two groups are called “the experimental group” and the control group”. Experimental designs
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1. How do you choose a good research topic? Give 5 examples of a good research topic and justify why you choose them i.e. Problem issues in each topic and why they must be researched upon (Not less than 2000 words). Choosing a good research topic is one of the most important parts of writing a great dissertation. Many things require essay writing and if you choose the right topic‚ it will be easier to write your paper and it will automatically be better! College scholarships and applications
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Reliability It means the extent to which a test is consistent and dependable. It is concerned with the consistency of responses from moment to moment. However‚ it may not always be valid. Techniques in Testing the Reliability of Assessment Methods or RAM I. Test-retest Method The same test is administered twice to the same group of student and the correlation coefficient is determined. Disadvantages: 1. When the time interval is short‚ the respondents may recall their previous responses resulting
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Validity A really important aspect that has emerged in our project is validity which must be put into consideration when developing and evaluating a language test‚ since it will allow us to evaluate the utility and appropriateness of the test for our particular purpose and context. Therefore‚ the validity of a test can only be established through a process of validation and in order to carry it out‚ a validation study has to be undertaken‚ on the basis of arriving at a conclusion as to whether
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What is Scientific Research Process? There were so many researches that had been run‚ are running and going to run in the future. However‚ what is a research after all? Research means to search for knowledge‚ to make a systematic investigation or to establish novel facts (Trochim‚ 2006). According to Sekaran and Bougie (2010)‚ research is defined as simply the process of finding solutions to a problem after a thorough study and analysis of the situational factors. The definition of research includes
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