Net present value In finance‚ the net present value (NPV) or net present worth (NPW) of a time series of cash flows‚ both incoming and outgoing‚ is defined as the sum of the present values (PVs) of the individual cash flows. In case when all future cash flows are incoming (such as coupons and principal of a bond) and the only outflow of cash is the purchase price‚ the NPV is simply the PV of future cash flows minus the purchase price (which is its own PV). NPV is a central tool in discounted cash
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Term Structure of Interest Rate. Candidate number 25909 Section 2 In this section‚ I will introduce some essential components about term structure‚ explain the IS/LM model to reveal the relation between term structure and GDP growth and lastly bring in some empirical evidence to support this relation. 2.1 Some basic terminologies and equations Bond‚ being one of the most popular financial products‚ is one example of firm’s and nation’s lending and borrowing. There are two ways a bond delivers
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CHAPTER 2 How to Calculate Present Values Answers to Problem Sets 1. If the discount factor is .507‚ then .507*1.126 = $1 2. 125/139 = .899 3. PV = 374/(1.09)9 = 172.20 4. PV = 432/1.15 + 137/(1.152) + 797/(1.153) = 376 + 104 + 524 = $1‚003 5. FV = 100*1.158 = $305.90 6. NPV = -1‚548 + 138/.09 = -14.67 (cost today plus the present value of the perpetuity) 7. PV = 4/(.14-.04) = $40 8. a. PV = 1/.10 = $10 b. Since the perpetuity
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Interest Rate Forecasting using Regression Analysis Introduction Forecast of interest rates can be done in many different ways‚ qualitative (surveys‚ opinion polls) as well as quantitative (reduced form and structural approaches)* Example of methods in quantitative approaches - Regression method - Univariate method (e.g. ARIMA) - Vector autogressive models (VAR) - Single equation approaches - Structural systems of simultaneous equations This paper will focus on the structural
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The term structure of interest rates‚ also known as the yield curve‚ is a very common bond valuation method. Constructed by graphing the yield to maturities and the respective maturity dates of benchmark fixed-income securities‚ the yield curve is a measure of the market’s expectations of future interest rates given the current market conditions. Treasuries‚ issued by the federal government‚ are considered risk-free‚ and as such‚ their yields are often used as the benchmarks for fixed-income securities
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to the nature of a project. Capital inv appraisal of new technologies: Problems‚ misconceptions and research directions * Specifically‚ it has been alleged that the traditional appraisal methods of payback‚ discounted net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) undervalues the long-term benefits; that traditional financial appraisals assume a far too static view of future industrial activity‚ under-rating the effects and pace of technological change; that there are many benefits
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Interest rate is the rate paid by the debtor for using the money of creditor (http://www.investorwords.com/2539/interest_rate.html 1.12.2011.). Normally‚ the interest rate charged by percentage of the money borrowed for a period of one year. For example‚ debtor borrowed £100 from the bank for one year; the interest rate of that year is 10%‚ then the debtor has to pay £110 to the bank after one year for using their money‚ the extra £10 is the interest. Moreover‚ the interest rate played an important
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Goodrich-Rabobank Interest Rate Swap In 1983‚ both B.F. Goodrich and Rabobank needed to execute external financing in order to raise 50 million dollars for ongoing operations. Goodrich wanted to raise the money through debt financing‚ but because their bonds were BBB- rated‚ they would have to pay a steep interest rate for a fixed rate. However‚ the Solomon brothers had an idea. Goodrich could borrow with a floating rate that was tied to LIBOR and then swap interest payments with a Euromarket
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critical minimum level of practice..In fact‚ researchers have settled on what they believe is the magic number for true expertise: ten thousand hours" (Gladwell 40). The number was determined through a study where people compared the number of hours throughout their lifetime from amateur pianists and professional pianists. Most professional pianists played the piano around 10‚000 hours from when they were five years old to twenty years old in order to be the player they are today. With that example‚ anyone
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What is the rule of 72? Well… here’s the equation: Years to double = 72 / Interest rate DO NOT reread this equation. The rule of 72 is a hard rule to explain. I will do my best to try to explain it. The answer to ‘rule of 72’ gives us a number of years. This number of years tells us how long it takes to double our money. Let’s say you have 100 dollar. The ‘rule of 72’ helps us figure out how long it will take to have 200 dollars. Scenario 1: You have invested your 100 dollars in a 3%
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