A budget is a plan. Budgeting is generally formalized written documents. Budgeting is the process of developing a plan‚ implementing it and attempting to control outcomes so that they confirm to or exceed the result called for by the plan. Budgeting is an element of cost accounting‚ because mush of planning related to cost the organization expects to incur. 1.1 IMPORTANCE OF BUDGETS Budgeting is important process in organization. A budget process that works well
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evidence shows enough similarities exist between local organizations and multinationals to indicate that the influences of the parent companies of multinationals are weakened by the national characteristics of the environments in which they operate. Second‚ it is pointed out that although some policies of multinationals may be the same as those found in their parent companies‚ the practices certainly are not‚ because of adaptation to local norms. It is therefore suggested that a distinction between policy
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expense. Advertising budgets are the means of determining and controlling this expense and dividing it wisely among departments‚ product lines or services. This fact sheet describes various methods of establishing an advertising budget‚ and suggests ways of applying budget amounts to get the desired outcome. If Vodafone want to increase sales‚ it is almost certain that they will need to advertise. How much should they spend? How should they allocate their advertising budget? How can they be sure
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The definition of capital city is “the city or town that functions as the seat of government and administrative centre of a country or region”. In my own words‚ I define capital city as a city that is really important to the country in terms of politics and economics and capital city occupies a special position in politics compared to other cities. So‚ normally government will put more resources into those cities development. Also I think capital city has different purpose in different period of
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The Union Budget was released yesterday. Here are the highlights. * Tax slab on personal income remains unchanged * Income tax exemption limit raised by Rs 50‚000 to Rs 2.5 lakh and for senior citizens to Rs 3 lakh * Exemption limit for investment in financial instruments under 80C raised to Rs 1.5 lakh from Rs 1 lakh. * Investment limit in PPF raised to Rs 1.5 lakh from Rs 1 lakh * Deduction limit on interest on loan for self-occupied house raised to Rs 2 lakh from Rs 1.5 lakh. * Kisan Vikas Patra
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Opinion Essays Structure of the Opinion Essay: Introduction – introduces the topic and state your opinion clearly Body - consists of three or more paragraphs each presenting a separate viewpoint supported by reasons/examples Conclusion – summarizes/restates your opinion using different words Useful Language То express opinion: I believe‚ In my opinion‚ I think‚ In my view‚ I strongly believe‚ I see it‚ It seems to me (that)‚ As far as I am concerned‚ I am (not) convinced that...‚
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Monthly Cash Budget | | February | March | April | Receipts: | | | | Cash Sales | $ 636‚000 | $ 614‚000 | $ 556‚000 | Credit Sales | $ 4‚195‚913 | $ 4‚038‚450 | $ 3‚863‚200 | | $ 4‚831‚913 | $ 4‚652‚450 | $ 4‚419‚200 | Payments: | | | | Salaries and Wages | $ 874‚000 | $ 916‚000 | $
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scientific instrumentation. The major sales are in North America (70%)‚ Europe (20%)‚ and South East Asia (10%). This company annual sales turnover is $180 million. SAI grew rapidly in its first years due to the semiconductor industry boom. As the industry began to slow down‚ SAI watched its revenues fall by 40%. SAI survived the decrease in revenues by cutting costs and freezing capital expenses. Shrewdly‚ SAI continued its research and development efforts and developed the IC 1032‚ a specialized
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INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Persistent public expenditure and inflation have become major concerns in both developed and developing countries. Extensive theoretical and empirical literatures have been developed to examine the relationship between Public expenditure and macroeconomic variables. The monetarists share the view that fiscal deficits are harmful to an economy. While some of the increases in the public expenditure have been associated with declining tax revenue resulting from
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References: Niser Monograph series 3‚ Ibadan. NISER‚ 1999. of Administrative Science 12(2) pp. 173-191‚ 2000. [3] Abu Nurudeen‚ Abdullahi Usman‚"Government Expenditure and Economic Growth in Nigeria"‚ 1970-2008: A Disaggregated Analysis‚ Business and Economic Journal‚ 2010. Financial Review‚ 2005. Econometrics pp. 1187-1193‚ 2002 w w w Zealand’s Road infrastructure Sydney"‚ 2003. Saudi-Arabia. India Economic Journal
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