Stocks versus Bonds: Explaining the Equity Risk Premium Clifford S. Asness From the 19th century through the mid-20th century‚ the dividend yield (dividends/price) and earnings yield (earnings/price) on stocks generally exceeded the yield on long-term U.S. government bonds‚ usually by a substantial margin. Since the mid-20th century‚ however‚ the situation has radically changed. In addressing this situation‚ I argue that the difference between stock yields and bond yields is driven by the long-run
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1 The Stock Market in India: Its Growth and Prospects. by Subid Chakraborty St. Xavier’s College‚ Kolkata (Autonomous) Email: subid_06@yahoo.co.in Rachit Agarwal St. Xavier’s College‚ Kolkata (Autonomous) Email: rachit_agarwal4u@yahoo.co.in Hemangi Desai St. Xavier’s College‚ Kolkata (Autonomous) Email: hemangi221@gmail.com Nilesh Agarwal St. Xavier’s College‚ Kolkata (Autonomous) Email: nilesh_airan@hotmail.com Acknowledgement: We are grateful to the faculty of the Department of Economics‚ St
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called “extrinsic” because they are external to the work itself and other people control their size and whether or not they are granted (Thomas 2009). On the other hand‚ intrinsic rewards are psychological rewards that employees get from doing meaningful work and performing it well. Johnson explains how there are 4 main intrinsic rewards which are the sense of meaningfulness‚ choice‚ competence‚ and progress. Extrinsic rewards have been the most commonly used‚ but today’s lifestyle and way of conducting
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INTRINSIC VERSUS EXTRINSIC REWARDS: RESOLVING THE CONTROVERSY William E. Reif In his foreword to Work in America‚ Elliot Richardson included the following quote from Richard Nixon’s 1971 Labor Day Address: In our quest for a better environment‚ we must always remember that the most important part of the quality of life is the quality of work‚ and the new need for job satisfaction is the key to the quality of work.^ Although some might question the belief that work is a central life force‚ the
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’Stock Records Accuracy’ means: (1) a correspondence between what is present on the computer file and what physically exists‚ in reality‚ (2) that activities which have been recorded as taking place against stock are truly what in fact occurred‚ and (3) that no activity which took place is unrecorded in the system. As we shall see‚ the central stock file is a most important element of any system within the company. The records within the file are ’keyed’ on each product’s unique item code**. That
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My cultural background includes Jamaica. Jamaica is located in the Caribbean and is part of North America. On average‚ the temperature is between 80 to 90 degrees Fahrenheit. Nights are colder than the days‚ and the mountain areas are colder than the lower land throughout the year. One of the colder mountain areas is the Blue Mountain Range since it is the tallest mountain on the island. When it rains in Jamaica‚ it rains for short periods of time‚ and the rainfall is light. People in Jamaica wear
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STOCK ANALYSIS REPORT - Exxon Mobil Corporation (XOM) –August 15th ‚ 2011 [pic] Industry: Oil and Gas Operations Sector: Energy Recommendation: SELL Price: $74.29 (as of August 15th 2011‚ 4:00pm ET) Intrinsic Value: $52.10 or 42.6% overvalued Fundamentals Grade: A Investment Style: Large Cap Blend CORPORATE INFORMATION [pic] Location: 5959 Las Colinas Boulevard Irving‚ TX 75039 Phone: 972-4441000 Fax: 972-4441348 Web Site: http://www.exxonmobil.com/ Employees: 83‚000 Exchange:
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Question 1 1. Jack ’s Construction Co. has 80‚000 bonds outstanding that are selling at par value. Bonds with similar characteristics are yielding 8.5%. The company also has 4 million shares of common stock outstanding. The stock has a beta of 1.1 and sells for $40 a share. The U.S. Treasury bill is yielding 4% and the market risk premium is 8%. Jack ’s tax rate is 35%. What is Jack ’s weighted average cost of capital? Answer | | 7.10% | | | 7.39% | | | 10.38% | | |
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the Staples-Office Depot case. How would you characterize the industry structure? Oligopoly Small number of big firms‚ with notable entry barriers‚ high competition and rising demand‚ competitive prices‚ present on national scale‚ efficient cost structure. 1. Are there barriers to entry that help maintain this structure? The broad present of actual market competitors‚ the cross price elasticity. Economies of scale‚ advertising‚ channels of distribution‚ purchasing 2. What is the FTC looking
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CHAPTER 13 HANDOUT Corporations: Organization‚ Capital Stock Transactions and Dividends Copyright protected: Janice Stoudemire‚ CPA Certain material used with permission of South-Western Publishing HOW DO YOU ACCOUNT FOR ORGANIZATION COSTS? Example: A company incorporates on 9/1/08 and incurs organization expenses of $4‚000 attorney fees‚ $3‚000 accounting fees‚ and $3‚000 stock printing costs. •Journal entry required on 9/1/08
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