Strict Liability “The law presumes that mens rea is always required in criminal offences‚ unless it is clear that Parliament intended an offence to be one of strict liability”. Discuss. (25marks) The general principle of criminal law is that the prosecution must establish the presence of both actus reus and mens rea. As the majority of criminal offences are created by statute‚ Parliament will usually indicate the kind of mens rea required
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book – but we will be given the question 2 weeks before Exam (70%) Tuesday 22 June 9:15am – 12:30pm Exam * Tax avoidance/evasion won’t be covered * 3 sections: * 1: Multiple choice * 10 marks * 10 questions * Similar in nature to the pop quizzes * Cover everything – particularly includes Chye Ching and Craig * 1: Tax return * 25/55 marks * Individual (not a partnership) * Similar to Kathryn and Romy (last
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foreign-exchange reserve recovered quickly and ended effectively the temporary clout of the IMF and World Bank‚ reforms continued in a stop-go fashion. To understand how much of a break from the past the reform programme represents‚ why it was called for‚ and what brought it about‚ and indeed in understanding why some components of the programme‚ such as privatization for example‚ have not made as much headway as others and are facing significant resistance including from some of the constituents of the United
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Profitability Ratios Return on Capital Employed (ROCE) or Return on Equity (ROE) Numerator – the net profit or income‚ usually taken before tax. Capital Employed or Shareholders Equity - Designed to indicate the effective use of the shareholders capital in the business with respect ot the net profits that they have generated over the period of concern. Net Profit/Income Percentage or Return on Sales Helps to identify the impact of administrative‚ selling and distribution costs on profit
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lawsuits and litigation from everyone suing everyone else‚ one must ask the question "where does product liability end and consumer responsibility begin?" This question has been further complicated by occurrences that stretch to the most far-reaching ends of this spectrum‚ the spectrum ranging from strict product liability of the company to complete consumer responsibility. On the strict product liability of the company side‚ we have the cigarette industry where the CEOs of the largest cigarette companies
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1 The statement by Henry Kravis that private equity was in its “golden era” might sound like hubris to the unacquainted observer but may actually not be far off from the reality given the growth of private equity funds under management since the advent of large-scale leveraged buy-outs (LBOs) in the 1980s. Henry Kravis as a principal partner in Kohlberg‚ Kravis & Roberts (KKR) pioneered LBOs in the late 1970s and KKR has been a major private equity firm since having reportedly invested in over 160
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a business that has value to the business‚ but that does not correspond to a real asset or have a resale value. Fictitious assets are used to keep track of assets that cannot be recorded under normal accounting categories‚ such as prepayments or deferred revenues. 9) Wasting asset : An asset which has a limited life and therefore decreases in value over
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vs. Management Accounting Role and Primary Tasks/Services Performed by Management Accountants Accounting is a staff function‚ with management accountants providing information to other managers. Information can relate to: financial statements‚ tax problems‚ dealing with governmental authorities and other matters. The management accountant‚ like other staff managers‚ often recommends courses of action to those using the information. But neither the management accountant‚ nor any other staff
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Debt Policy at UST 1. How well is UST doing? * UST has been doing extremely well. Revenues and earnings are growing at 9% and 11% respectively. * Named by Forbes as one of the top companies in terms of profitability. ROC‚ ROE and GPM one of the industry highest. * Paying back generous dividends of $2.2b and repurchasing $2b from 1988 to 1998. * However‚ they seem to be losing market share in the premium market to competitors and have not been able to make an impact in the
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in Economics Public debt problem in Russia Student: Merefiianskyi Artem G. Group: 5203 Supervisor: Savinova M. Moscow 2006 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 CHAPTER 1. Theoretical‚ historical and legislative aspects of public debt. 4 § 1. The meaning of public debt for a country. 4
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