Historical Development of Management Theory and Practice Era Persons or Events Accomplishments Ancients Management Thought The Great Wall in China‚ Pyramids of Egypt‚ Monoliths on Easter Island‚ Mayan Temples in South America‚ Stonehenge in England Chinese emperors (2350 B.C.) Constitution of Chow (1100 B.C.) Persepolis in Persia (500 B.C.) Sun Tzu (500 B.C.) Alexander The Great (336-332 B.C.) India (321 B.C.) China (120 B.C.) Involved management practices of coordination‚ control
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potential market is created. 1.1.1 EUROPEAN UNION HISTORY The main goal of the international convergence of accounting standard is to obtain a precise and good quality accounting standards to be used internationally and keep updating and improving it. In July‚ 2002 in the EU‚ the European government passed a law which required all companies listed on the stock exchange to prepare its financial statements keeping the IFRS from 2005. (Wolk‚ 2007) The organizations with the European Union could make
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Topic 1 Accounting and Society Prepared by Graeme Wines. One issue in Topic 1 that can be a little confusing is the distinction between inductive and deductive theories. The example of the topical area of climate change can be used to provide explanations of the distinction which may help your understanding. Inductive theory A descriptive (explanatory/scientific) theory‚ as these terms imply‚ suggest that the theory is attempting to describe or explain a particular phenomenon‚ and that
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+0)26-4 Accounting Theory NEED FOR ACCOUNTING Business is one of the sources of earning income. Whenever a business is started‚ it requires investment of certain amount which is called as capital. With this amount of capital the businessman may deal either with trading business or manufacturing business. In a trading business‚ he will buy goods at a lesser price and sells the same to others at a higher price. In case of manufacturing business‚ he has to buy raw materials and incur other
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| |7. |Of the two methods of accounting for uncollectible receivables‚ the allowance method provides in advance for uncollectible | | | |receivables. |True False | |8. |Generally accepted accounting principles do not normally allow the use of the direct write-off method of accounting for |
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effectiveness of organization’s policies‚ strategies and operations and compliance with the statutory obligations will be provided by the management. Due to the risk of uncertainties in the environments‚ stakeholders demand more from financial information to non-financial information. Not only the numerical information tell the conditions of an organization to the stakeholders‚ but transactions‚ changes in information technology‚ markets and risks and changes in laws and regulations are crucial to them
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Development of A General Accounting Theory – A Scientific Approach? Accounting Theory Development can be defined as ‘a piecemeal process of trial and error in response to changing social and economic forces’. (Underdown and Taylor‚ 1985‚ p2). Therefore‚ it is clear that a general frame of reference is needed‚ however not one that would upset the ‘accounting system’. Accounting theory cannot be narrowed to a certain approach‚ which is the definitive article. In fact‚ accountancy is one
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Accounting Theory Construction The function to study accounting theories is to classify them according to the assumptions they rely on‚ how they were formulated‚ and their approaches to explaining and predicting actual events. There are some classification which are pragmatic‚ syntactic‚ semantic‚ normative‚ positive‚ and naturalistic approaches. Pragmatic approaches are based on observing the behavior of accountants or those who use the information generated by accountant. Syntactic approaches
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FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING FOR MANAGEMENT o 6. I 7. J 8. SANJAY INDUSTRIES LTD. Balance Sheet and Income Statement The following is the trial balance bf Sanjay Industries Ltd. as on 31 st March 2006. 1. 2. of Rs. 10 each) Mal IntE Pre Further information 1. Outstanding rent amounted to Rs. 7‚200 while outstanding salaries Rs. 8‚100 at the end Ca: 2. 3. 4. 5. the year. Make a provision for doubtful debts amounting to Rs. 4‚590. Stock on 31st March 2006 was valued
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Accounting Tutorial Question Topic 2 Week 5 Question 1 Encik Abbul has a sundry shop business registered under the name of Prudential Enterprises. The following is the summarised version of the bad debts‚ doubtful debts and the A/Receivables accounts of his business start in 2011. (The accounting period of the business is similar to the normal calendar year) Year | Account Receivables | Bad debts already written off during the year | Allowance for doubtful debts (percentage of outstanding
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