WHAT ARE COSTS AND PROFITS? HUNGRY HELEN’S COOKIE FACTORY • Helen‚ the owner of the cookie factory‚ buys flour‚ sugar‚ flavorings‚ and other cookie ingredients. • She also buys the mixers and the ovens and hires workers to run the equipment. • She then sells the resulting cookies to consumers. 2 TOTAL REVENUE‚ TOTAL COST‚ AND PROFIT • The amount that Helen receives for the sale of its output (cookies) is its total revenue. • The amount that the firm pays to buy inputs (flour‚ sugar‚ workers
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Cost Benefit Analysis A cost benefit analysis is done to determine how well‚ or how poorly‚ a planned action will turn out. Although a cost benefit analysis can be used for almost anything‚ it is most commonly done on financial questions. Since the cost benefit analysis relies on the addition of positive factors and the subtraction of negative ones to determine a net result‚ it is also known as running the numbers. A cost benefit analysis finds‚ quantifies‚ and adds all the positive factors. These
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under efficient operating conditions absorption costing all manufacturing costs are assigned to products: direct material‚ direct labour‚ variable and fixed manufacturing overhead acceptable quality level (AQL) the defect rate at which total quality costs are minimised account classification method (or account analysis) the process in which managers use their judgement to classify costs as fixed‚ variable or semivariable costs accounting rate of return (or simple rate of return‚ rate of return on assets
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and societal living. It is this prevalence of information that has led to the birth of what theoreticians refer to as the ‘information society’. It is not known exactly when the information society came into being‚ but it is believed that originated in Japan in 1964 according to (Duff‚ 1996 p. 119). Moreover‚ (Martin‚ 1995 p. 2) also notes that Masuda‚ one of its founders came to the realization that “the making of information values became the formative force for the development of society.” This
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Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow‚ Corporate Finance‚ and Takeovers Michael C. Jensen Harvard Business School MJensen@hbs.edu Abstract The interests and incentives of managers and shareholders conflict over such issues as the optimal size of the firm and the payment of cash to shareholders. These conflicts are especially severe in firms with large free cash flows—more cash than profitable investment opportunities. The theory developed here explains 1) the benefits of debt in reducing agency
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Opportunity costs The first opportunity cost that I made was choosing to enroll in a university that offers online courses or going to a traditional university that only has classroom style learning. The pros of attending online for me included not having to commute back and forth 40 additional miles per day‚ not having to hire a babysitter for my child‚ and I’d be in the comfort of my own home or environment to my liking when I studied. The cons included‚ not having that social connection to my
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15‚ 2013 The Cost of the Decisions We Make For every course of action that one takes in life‚ there is a cost associated. This cost may be large or small but one can weigh this cost with the alternative before he or she makes any decision. In the essay‚ “The Price of Crossing Borders” written by Eduardo Porter‚ the concept of understanding that there is a price for everything is conveyed. There is no decision that is made or path that is taken that comes without some sort of cost to us personally
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Article Review – Decision Making: It’s not what you think 1. Briefly summarize the article. What is the main point or key concept in the article and how do you think it affects you as a current or future employee? The articles I read were Primal Leadership‚ Becoming the Boss and Decision Making: It’s not what you think. I decided to review the article Decision Making: It’s not what you think. The article discusses three models of decision making in “thinking first”‚ “seeing first” and “doing
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Low cost airlines have revolutionised flying – but at what price ? Low cost airlines are ideal for the difficult days we are going through with the financial crisis. However‚ these airline companies’ services have many advantages and disadvantages that deserve to be debated. If one want to travel for a very short time‚ then booking a ticket with such a company is the best deal to make. On the contrary to what one might think‚ a low cost flight is not more dangerous than a regular one‚ because
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Cost of Capital Definition: cost of capital is the rate of return that a company must earn on its project investments to maintain its market value and attract funds. The cost of capital to a company is the minimum rate of return that is must earn on its investments in order to satisfy the various categories of investors‚ who have made investments in the form of shares ‚ debentures and loans. The cost of capital in operational terms refers to the discount rate that would be used in determining the
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