DNA molecules are very long. They wrap around proteins and wind tightly‚ forming structures called chromosomes. A human somatic (non-sex) cell has 23 pairs of chromosomes. Twenty-two pairs are autosomes‚ which do not differ between the sexes. The autosomes are numbered from 1 to 22‚ with 1 the largest. The other two chromosomes‚ the X and the Y‚ are sex chromosomes. The Y chromosome bears genes that determine maleness. In humans‚ a female has two X chromosomes and a male has one X and one Y. Charts
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ENG 101 (30) Mr. Clifford 20 March 2013 What You See‚ Is Not Always What You Get When you hear the word janitor‚ obviously nothing glamorous comes to mind. All we think about is scrubbing toilets or mopping floors‚ basically cleaning up after other people who most of the time show no appreciation. When asked what comes to mind when you hear the word janitor‚ some people would say someone who is poor and not well educated. Not very many
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Denaturation of proteins involves the disruption and possible destruction of both the secondary and tertiary structures. Since denaturation reactions are not strong enough to break the peptide bonds‚ the primary structure (sequence of amino acids) remains the same after a denaturation process. Denaturation disrupts the normal alpha-helix and beta sheets in a protein and uncoils it into a random shape. Denaturation occurs because the bonding interactions responsible for the secondary structure (hydrogen
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advances in harvesting mitochondrial DNA. “Markers” are used to trace ancestry. These markers are found through DNA Sequencing and SNP testing. The general acceptance is that the human race stemmed from a woman referred to as “Mitochondrial Eve.” It is estimated that she lived 200‚00 years ago in Africa (Rice University). Margit M. K. Nass and Sylvan Nass are accredited in discovering Mitochondrial DNA‚ or mtDNA in 1960 using electron microscopy (Rice University). DNA is found in two places in the cell;
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PROTEIN ENERGY MALNUTRION Types include:[2] * Kwashiorkor (protein malnutrition predominant) * Marasmus (deficiency in both calorie and protein nutrition) * Marasmic Kwashiorkor (marked protein deficiency and marked calorie insufficiency signs present‚ sometimes referred to as the most severe form of malnutrition) Note that this may also be secondary to other conditions such as chronic renal disease[3] or cancer cachexia[4] in which protein energy wasting may occur. Protein-energy
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the structure of DNA. ➢ DNA is a nucleic acid‚ which consist of long chains (polymers) of chemical units (monomers) called nucleotide. A molecule of DNA contains two polynucleotides‚ each a chain of nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a nitrogenous base‚ a sugar‚ and a phosphate group. Each DNA strand serves as a mold‚ or template‚ to guide reproduction of the other strand. There are four different types of nucleotides found in DNA‚ differing only in the nitrogenous base. DNA is contained in
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DENATURATION OF PROTEINS Abstract The experiment aimed to use the concept of viscosity to study the effects of different denaturants on 1% albumin extract. An Ostwald viscometer was used to measure the flow time of 5 mL of the blank and native protein. These were then denatured by adding 1 mL of denaturant and had their flow time measured. The flow time from the blank to denatured protein is increasing. The specific viscosity and reduced viscosity
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Distinction. Describe the process of protein synthesis in your own words‚ including the roles of mRNA and tRNA. You MUST include diagrams to aid in your explanations Messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA)‚ which is like DNA has a unique code that is in a number of different patterns‚ which engages in the sending messages to the structures within the cell. Transfer Ribonucleic Acid (tRNA) is a nucleic acid‚ which is involved in the process of protein synthesis inside the cell. When mRNA is in the cytoplasm
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Receptor Protein Protein that binds to a specific single molecule‚ enabling the cell to respond to the signal molecule. i.e. The muscles of a person exercising can not contract without receptor proteins and signal molecules that tell the muscles when to contract and when to relax. Second Messenger Signal molecule produced in response to the binding of a chemical signal. Acts as a signal molecule in the cytoplasm. Signal Molecule Carries information throughout the body and to other
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Much can be learned from studying an organisms DNA. The first step to doing this is extracting DNA from cells. In this experiment‚ you will isolate DNA from the cells of fruit. Materials (1) 10 mL Graduated Cylinder(2) 100 mL Beakers15 cm Cheesecloth1 Resealable Bag1 Rubber Band (Large. Contains latex pleasewear gloves when handling if you have a latex allergy).Standing Test TubeWooden Stir StickFresh‚ Soft Fruit (e.g.‚ Grapes‚ Strawberries‚ Banana‚ etc.) ScissorsDNA Extraction SolutionIce Cold EthanolYou
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