Buffer solutions and common ion effect A buffer solution resists (or buffers) a change in its pH. That is‚ we can add a small amount of an acid or base to a buffer solution and the pH will change very little. How to calculate pH of buffer solution containing both acid and conjugate base? Dissociation constant definition 1.1 can be rearranged into or (note that due to sign change [A-] was moved to nominator). This is so called Henderson-Hasselbalch equation (or buffer equation)
Free PH Acid dissociation constant Buffer solution
show the difference in heart rates before and during intense exercise. Aim: The aim of the investigation was to discover how the heart rate varied with the intensity of exercise. The heart rate is a term describing the regularity of the cardiac cycle. The heart rate is the amount of times it contracts (beats) in a unit of time‚ nearly always per minute. At rest the adult female’s heart rate regulates 75 bpm (beats per minute) but this varies between people. If the heart rate is measured before‚ during
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Introduction- This experiment was conducted to show the difference that exercise can make to the human heart rate. To test this‚ we did two full laps of the oval‚ and measured our resting heart rate‚ just before the test‚ just after test and also our recovery rate after the test. Below are the graphs that show the different heart rates of our group of three. We conducted this experiment in a group of three so we could compare results and‚ if the results were different‚ analyse and research why we
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mechanism of heart contraction and relaxation (mechanical restitution) is the basic of cardiac functioning. This mechanical restitution is driven by calcium movement and concentrations. An increase in cystolic calcium concentration causes contraction in myocardium. Calcium from the extracellular fluid enters the cardiomyocyte through the L-type Ca2+ channels after being propagated by the cardiac action potential which depolarises the cell. This flood of calcium triggers more calcium release from
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Biology Coursework Skill: A - Bunsen Burner - Measuring Liquid Skill: B - Leaf Variation - Conch Skill: C - Heart Rate - Height Variation Skill: D -Energy in food -Toxic response of invertebrates (woodlice) Skill A Title: Assembling & using the Bunsen Burner Aim: To assemble & use the Bunsen Burner Apparatus: * Bunsen Burner * Spark Lighter * Tripod Stand * Wire Gauze * Gas Hose * Thermometer (Celsius) * 250 ml beaker Method:
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stream is getting pumped with salty potassium filled water that can kill daphnia‚ habitants of the stream‚ if the concentration gets too high. To prevent this a real-time assay can be performed. This is a short timed test that we use to measure the effect of pollutant on organism by finding the smallest concentration possible that could still be a bother. This is a valuable tool because we can get direct results from a living organism by detecting stress signals all in a short period of time allowing
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1. The heart rate determines the intensity of the fitness activity. a. 12*6=72 b. 220-21=199 c. 129-150 range. 2. Aerobic metabolism‚ uses fats‚ proteins and carbohydrates that are oxidized and turned into carbon dioxide and water. Anaerobic metabolism‚ uses only carbohydrates and enters the fluid‚ or cytoplasm‚ of the cell and is turned into lactic acid. Aerobic exercises are running‚ biking‚ and swimming‚ whereas anaerobic exercises are sprinting‚ jumping‚ weight training. 3. My activity is considered
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Introductory Activity Heart Rate (pulse) Have the students find their heart pulse on the carotid artery of the neck. Use the index and middle finger to measure the pulse. Count the number of beats for 6 seconds and add a zero to the end of that number. This number represents the heart beats per minute. The heart pulse is located on either side of the wind pipe‚ next to the voice box. Allow the students to practice measuring their pulse to determine their resting heart rate. Explain that they need
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Heart Rate Anticipatory Response: Anticipatory heart rate is the rate that the heart reaches before the start of exercise. Your heart rate usually picks up as a result of the anticipatory heart-rate response‚ this happens before exercise. When thinking about exercising before actually starting‚ the nerves that release the chemicals that adjust your heart rate increase the heart rate. The body expects exercise and therefore prepares for the activity‚ increasing the amount of oxygen being delivered
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The Effect of Caffeine 1% and 2% on Daphnia magna’s Heart Rate Abstract: Ectothermic animals are animals whose body temperature is affected by their surroundings. This means that if the environment is cold the animal will be cold. If the environment is warm the animal will be warm. This is because the animal doesn’t have the capability of regulating its body systems to keep a constant body temperature. When an ectothermic animal is cold‚ its heart rate will lower. When
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