and $400 of his own money. Frank rented some equipment‚ purchased supplies‚ and hired friends to mow and trim his customer’s lawns. At the end of each month Frank sent invoices to his customers. On 31 July‚ he was ready to dissolve the business and start his university studies. As he was so busy‚ he kept few records other than his cheque book and a list of amounts owed to him by customers. At 31 July‚ Frank’s business account cheque book shows a balance of $690‚ and his customers still owe him
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ELEMENTS OF DEPRECIATION COMPUTATION Depreciation accounting may be defined as a systematic procedure for allocating the cost of a long-lived asset over its useful life. The determination of the depreciation expense of a period depends on three basic elements. These are: • Depreciation Base. The cost to be allocated over the period of use is known as the depreciation base. This consists of the initial purchase cost of the asset minus any salvage value expected at the time of retirement plus
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SHARE CAPITAL Share capital is the Funds raised by issuing shares in return for cash or other considerations. The amount of share capital a company has can change over time because each time a business sells new shares to the public in exchange for cash‚ the amount of share capital will increase. Share capital can be composed of both common and preferred shares. Each share carrying a vote in the management of the business‚ managerial control may be limited. The authorized capital of a company is
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sources of fund is known as cost of capital. Cost of capital is only minimum required rate of return to earn on investment and it is not the actual earning rate of the firm. Retained earnings‚ used as a part of the capital structure of a business firm‚ is that part of the earnings available to common shareholders not paid out as dividends or the earnings plowed back into the firm for growth. As such‚ their cost to the firm is an opportunity cost. In other words‚ they could have paid the money out as
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Dividend: The company currently pays out a quarterly dividend of $0.14‚ which annualized puts the dividend as yielding 0.62%. Reasonable Valuation: The company carries a price to earnings ratio of 14.02‚ which by nearly all standards is a relatively reasonable valuation. Institutional Vote of Confidence: 78% of shares outstanding are held by institutional investors‚ displaying the huge amount of confidence long-term and big-money investors have in the company and its future. Money on the Balance
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new machine that costs $100‚000 and requires installation costs of $10‚000. The new machine would have a 5-year usable life and would be depreciated under MACRS using a 5-year recovery period. The firm’s projected revenues and expenses (excluding depreciation and interest)‚ if it requires the machine‚ would be as follows: Year Revenue Expenses (Excl‚ depr‚ and int.) 1 $1‚000‚000 $764‚500 2 1‚175‚000 839‚800 3 1‚130‚000 914‚900 4 1‚425‚000 989‚900 5 1‚550‚000 998‚900 The new machine
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REPURCHASE OF SHARES In the past two decades‚ major U.S. corporations have increasingly repurchased significant amounts of their own common shares. The reasons for this development and its implications for the theory of share valuation and public policy‚ however‚ have been subject to numerous‚ and often conflicting‚ interpretations. The repurchase of shares is not legal under all codes of law; but in the countries where it is legal‚ it opens up a variety of opportunities for gains for the stockholders
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RETAINED EARNINGS CHAPTER 19 DEFINITION: Retained Earnings represents the cumulative balance of: Periodic net income or loss Dividend distribution Prior periodic errors Changes in accounting policy‚ and Other capital adjustments The illustrative statements of financial position and statement of changes in equity in IAS 1 and IAS 8 still maintain the title “retained earnings” 2 KINDS OF RETAINED EARNINGS Unappropriated Appropriated UNAPPROPRIATED RETAINED EARNINGS Represent
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Essentials - you must achieve all nine. | | | Performance Objective | Activity | Performance indicator | 1 Demonstrate the application of professional ethics‚ value and judgement | Example of relevant activities Keep up-to-date with all codes of conduct and professional standards. Provide a description of how you have dealt with situations where your professional ethics‚ values or judgement were challenged Discuss with others (e.g. your manager) how you would deal with situations which could
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UNIVERSITY OF GHANA BUSINESS SCHOOL MBA: ACCOUTING THEORY 1 – (ADMN 631) LECTURE: JAMES KWAME OTIEKU A PRESENTATION ON EARNINGS MANAGEMENT AND EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION BY EMMANUEL MENSAH ID NO: 10328957 AND PETER OPATA NYAKO ID NO: 10329653 1st October 2009 EARNINGS MANAGEMENT AND EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION Introduction Accounting standards define the accounting language that management uses to communicate with the firm’s external stakeholders. By creating a framework
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