since Henry Ford first introduced the assembly line technique for the mass production of cars. Production concepts‚ processes and the associated technologies have changed dramatically since the first cars were built. Some 70 years ago‚ car assembly was primarily manual work. Today‚ the process of car assembly is almost fully automated. In the old days‚ firms attached importance to the production of virtually every part in a single plant‚ while today‚ carmakers concentrate on only a few specific
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PROJECT REPORT ON EFFECT OF PROVOCATIVE ADVERTISEMENTS ON DEORDORANT SALES Executive summary: Today‚ in the market there are thousands of brands‚ millions of products and their different varieties being offered by different companies. In such a situation it becomes very difficult for the customer to take buying decision rationally and wisely. Every day we see lot of advertisements on the television‚ or posters on the billboards‚ or pictures
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Learn to Play the Earnings Game (and Wall Street Will Love You) The pressure to report smooth‚ ever higher earnings has never been fiercer. You don’t want to miss the consensus estimate by a penny--and you don’t have to. By Justin Fox In January‚ for the 41st time in the 42 quarters since it went public‚ Microsoft reported earnings that met or beat Wall Street estimates The 36 brokerage analysts who make the estimates were‚ as a group‚ quite happy about this - the 57 cents per share announced by the
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Preference share capital Source: Wikipedia.org Preferred stock‚ also called preferred shares (preferred)‚ is a special equity security that has properties of both an equity and a debt instrument and is generally considered a hybrid instrument. These are senior (i.e. higher ranking) to common stock‚ but are subordinate to bonds. Preferred stock usually carries no voting rights‚ but may carry a dividend and may have priority over common stock in the payment of dividends and upon liquidation
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reasons. Some people try and blame it on the past. For example‚ whites hating blacks and using them as slaves because I believe they were afraid of them. I think that was cruel treating them in such menial fashions. Another example of cruel behavior is the Holocaust. There aren’t enough words to describe how unhuman I thought that tragedy was. The horrifying pictures I saw were unbearable. I wanted to cry. How could someone have so much hatred in their heart? To nearly wipe out a whole race‚ just because
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and contrast Accrual Earnings Management and Real Earnings Management. Real Earnings Management: a. Real activities manipulation: managers try to mislead at least some of their stakeholders to believe that the financial reporting goals have been met through normal operational practices. However‚ this is not a value added activity‚ sometimes may even reduce firm value because current actions will have negative effect on future cash flow. b. It is probable that real earnings management will have
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REPURCHASE OF SHARES In the past two decades‚ major U.S. corporations have increasingly repurchased significant amounts of their own common shares. The reasons for this development and its implications for the theory of share valuation and public policy‚ however‚ have been subject to numerous‚ and often conflicting‚ interpretations. The repurchase of shares is not legal under all codes of law; but in the countries where it is legal‚ it opens up a variety of opportunities for gains for the stockholders
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showed in me and also for her constant support and valuable advices that helped me to complete this project successfully. At last‚ I would like to thank my family and friends for their encouragement and support. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The project was undertaken for ten weeks at „ADITYA BIRLA FINANCE LTD‟ in few locations of Punjab in partial fulfillment of the
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Shares-A share is the interest of shareholder in terms of money in the business represented as a liability on the company. In the words of Justice Farewell‚ “The interest of a shareholder in the company measured‚ by a sum of money for the purpose of liability in the first place‚ and the interest (dividend) the second‚ but also consisting of various covenants entered into by the shareholder inter se.” It defines the relation between the company and shareholder. Shareholders are the real owners of
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2008 The Brita Products Company John Deighton January 15‚ 2002 1. To what do you attribute Brita’s success? • It is owned by a well established and successful company‚ Clorox. • They own a large amount of market share. • Each pitcher sale starts a flow of filter sales. • Their customer lifetime value was remarkable. The retention rate is also a high 80%. • They didn’t give up in the early years when sales were very slow because they believed in their product. • They have a large advertising
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