WORKING PAPER N° Mots clés : Codes JEL : 1 Was the Great War a Watershed ? The economics of World War One in France Pierre-Cyrille Hautcoeur Université de Paris I Panthéon-Sorbonne (Matisse) and DELTA (joint research unit CNRS-EHESS-ENS) This paper has been prepared for a book edited by M. Harrisson and S. Broadberry on The Economics of World War One‚ forthcoming at Cambridge University Press. Abstract This paper presents a broad‚ quantitatively documented‚ overview of the French economy
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Communism is a system where there is no private ownership of business or property and the country’s wealth gets shared among the population. Vladimir Lenin started the communist international which was an organisation with an aim of spreading communism throughout the world. Communism really was a threat to Australians in the 1950s‚ the events of the Korean War‚ different alliances being formed‚ the banning of the Communist party of Australia (CPA) and the Petrov affair all tell us that communism
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Civil War: a war between citizens of the same country. This was the end result of the enlargement and expansion of slavery throughout the United States of America. Back in the mid-1800’s‚ the United States was expanding fast towards the west but there were large decisions to be made: What states should be slave states? How can we balance out everything? Should we expand slavery to the north? The controversy all was because of a difference of perspective. The southern farmer is bound to favor slavery
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Women in the Early Republic Women played a big part in their husband’s roles in government‚ although they were not allowed to vote at this time. Women like Dolley Madison made their husband’s presidency more successful. Women also became more involved with the churches‚ and education. They believed that it was important for women to be as educated as men. Women made up most of the church congregants‚ as they had for a while. In New England colonies‚ they started to let women work alongside men
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The book "The Great Encounter of China and the West‚ 1500-1800" was written by History Professor D.E.Mungello. His work provides us many information and ideas of the intercultural exchanges and interactions between Ming‚ Manchu and the West‚ through the last two dynasties of China. This book also shows us the acceptance and rejection of cultures‚ Christianity‚ and Confucianism of Chinese and Europeans. The book was divided into five chapters: (1) Historical Overview‚ (2) Chinese Acceptance of Western
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The great railroad strike of 1877 started on July 14 in Martinsburg‚ West Virginia‚ in response to the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad cutting wages of workers for the third time in a year. This strike had a big impact because the striking workers wouldn’t allow trains‚ mainly freight trains to roll. They had one term to make this dilemma get dropped; drop the third wage cut. The events that lead up to the strike were simple‚ they had cut the pay outs three times‚ so no one’s gonna be happy. Let’s
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economic openness. In a deeper sense‚ it was a strategic ideology that promoted a new international order based on altruistic ideals while providing the international framework that protected and advanced American economic and security interests. One of the main promises of Wilsonianism included national self-determination but the reality of the postwar situation limited the implementation of this principle. Wilson’s desire to have people establish their own nations was evident in his “Fourteen Points”
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Railroads are the third key element of the transportation revolution in the United States as they were widely used from late 19th century up until the 1850s. People found many uses for them whether to move throughout the country‚ to commute to work or moved goods. Prior to the introduction of railroads‚ people in the States would use sail boats‚ horses‚ or even by foot to travel long distances from one point to another but everything changed in the late 19th century‚ when there were rapid series
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The Western expansion of the United States from 1860-1890 was a domino effect. Numerous factors came in to play which built upon themselves to cause America to grow and move west‚ but the biggest factor was the transcontinental railroad. As the railroads were put in‚ lands improved‚ trade increased‚ cities grew and territories became states. With every passing decade‚ clear growth could be seen in all aspects of life. The railroad took seven years to build between two different companies‚ but
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The Jamestown Settlement "I always consider the settlement of America with reverence and wonder‚ as the opening of a grand scene and design in providence‚ for the illumination of the ignorant and the emancipation of the slavish part of mankind all over the earth." -John Adams. Jamestown‚ Virginia was the first permanent English settlement in the New World. The Jamestown Colony is a town in Virginia. It is the oldest‚ and first‚ English colony in North America. The London Company‚ formed in 1606
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