A data dictionary is a file that defines the basic organization of a database. A data dictionary has a list of all files in the database‚ the number of records that are in each file‚ the names and types of each field. The data dictionary is hidden from users so that it is not accidentally destroyed. The data dictionary only keeps bookkeeping information and does not actually contain any data from the database. The database management system cannot access data from the database without a data dictionary
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The Evolution of Data Models The quest for better data management has led to different models that attempt to resolve the file system’s critical shortcomings. Because each data model evolved from its predecessors‚ it is essential to examine the major data models in roughly chronological order. 1.1 The Hierarchical Model A Hierarchical Database Model is a data model in which the data is organized into a tree-like structure. The structure allows representing information using parent/child relationships:
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Which of the following is the greatest risk to information systems and causes the greatest dollar losses? A) Dishonest employees B) Physical threats such as natural disasters C) Human errors and omissions D) Fraud and embezzlement 4. All of the following could lead to computer fraud except A) Storing backup tapes in a location where they can be quickly accessed. B) Allowing computer users to test software upgrades. C) Allowing computer operators full access to the computer room. D) Releasing data to unauthorized users
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Using Data Flow Diagrams Data flow diagram is used by system analyst to put together a graphical representation of data processes throughout the organization. It depicts the broadest possible overview of system inputs‚ processes‚ and outputs. A series of layered data flow diagrams may be used to represent and analyze detailed procedures in the larger system. By using combinations of only four symbols‚ the system analyst can create a pictorial depiction of processes that will eventually provide
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[2009] 5 MLJ ciii Malayan Law Journal Articles 2009 PRIVACY AND PERSONAL DATA PROTECTION IN THE MALAYSIAN COMMUNICATIONS SECTOR — EXISTING IN A VOID? PK Yong Advocate and Solicitor LLM (Information Technology and Telecommunications Law) Introduction Networks and services‚ which provide a secure environment‚ are fundamental to consumer confidence. This confidence rests on the premise that the privacy of communication is protected. At its basic core‚ this means respect for fundamental human
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MANAGING PEOPLE‚ INFORMATION AND KNOWLEDGE INTRODUCTION In today’s world technology is growing significantly and there is no stoppage in its growth. There was a time when computer networks were only used by scientists and engineers‚ but nowadays‚ our life has completely changed and instead rotates around computer networking‚ from school‚ libraries and Businesses. (U.S‚ Congress‚ 1993) The technological change in today’s business is the result of computer usage
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comprehensive analysis of the information systems used in business by Enkay Enterprises has performed. Enkay Enterprises are well-known suppliers of vegetable and fruits from small restaurants to five star hotels and canteens of huge organizations. Firstly information system requirement are analyzed for each of the decision making levels and then suitability of the information system is determined and discussed with help of companies daily work process and information system used by Enkay. Also the
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Information Technology Management from 1960-2000 By Richard L. Nolan - IT ( Information Technology. Digital convergence in data‚ voice and‚ video - new functions were continuously assigned to the computer due to organizational learning - IT became an information revolution that changed the way companies worked Stages Theory of IT Management - Four stages of organizational learning on an S-shaped Curve o Stage I: Initiation ( proving the value of the technology
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1. With necessary diagram explain about data warehouse development life cycle . Ans : Introduction to data warehouses. Data warehouse development lifecycle (Kimball’s approach) Q. 2. What is Metadata ? What is it’s uses in Data warehousing Archietechture ? Ans : In simple terms‚ meta data is information about data and is critical for not only the business user but also data warehouse administrators and developers. Without meta data‚ business users will be like tourists left
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Rebecca Shockley‚ Michael S. Hopkins and Nina Kruschwitz Big Data‚ Analytics and the Path From Insights to Value REPRINT NUMBER 52205 THE NEW INTELLIGENT ENTERPRISE Some of the best-performing retailers are using analytics not just for finance and operational activities‚ but to boost competitive advantage on everything from displays‚ to marketing‚ customer service and customer experience management. Big Data‚ Analytics and the Path From Insights toValue How the smartest organizations
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