Discuss the movement (of substances) inside cells Substances can travel from inside the cell out and from outside of the cell inwards across a membrane. Movement of substances also occurs inside the cell and is part of many of the processes that occur inside cells in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells as well as animal and plant cells. The movement of substances may occur across a semi-permeable membrane such as the phospholipid bilayer membrane on the outside of a cell in the digestive
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following could be observed? a. bacterial cell‚ 2000 nm in diameter b. ribosome‚ 20 nm in diameter c. virus particle‚ 15 nm in diameter d. protein molecule‚ 10 nm in diameter e. none of the above 8. A certain drug has knocked out all ribosomal function in a culture of liver cells‚ as a result: a. the cells immediately die b. proteins synthesis stops c. ATP production immediately ceases d. the cells undergo fission e. none of these 9. If your thumb is 20 mm wide and a mitochondrion
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particular the variety of cell signal transduction paradigms and the biochemistry of hormones. The structure‚ function and replication of the cell’s genetic material. This information is reviewed in a series of lectures on DNA‚ the genetic code‚ protein synthesis and aspects of molecular biology. The digestion and absorption of biomolecules is reviewed and the consequences of malfunction considered. A number of disease states are used to illustrate selected principles including the relationship
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the large (L)‚ middle (M) and small (S) envelope proteins‚ respectively (Tiollais et al.‚ 1985) . The S protein is 226 amino acids long‚ has a molecular mass of 25 kDa and shares DNA and amino acid sequence as the C-terminus of the M and L protein. The M protein has a 55-amino acid extension to the S protein at its N-terminus‚ giving it a molecular mass of 31 kDa‚ while the L protein a further 108-119-amino acid extention to the M protein at its N-terminus and a molecular mass of 43
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We have transferred two channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus growth hormone cDNA constructs (opAFP-ccGH and rtMT-ccGH) driven by the ocean pout Zoarces americanus antifreeze protein promoter (opAFP) or rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss metallothionein promoter (rtMT) via electroporation to channel catfish to produce transgenic catfish by introducing additional copies of growth hormone cDNA and compered the inheritance of the GH transgenesis‚ and growth rate. Most of the DNA constructs are lost during
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proper and can open the body up to any number of disease like heart disease‚ some cancers‚ diabetes‚ obesity‚ anemia‚ and high blood pressure. During this three day intake this writer has learn about her eating habits and ways to improve them. Proteins The Daily Recommended Intake Report states this writer should be getting
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(TALE) homeodomain proteins family and are highly conserved transcription regulators. TALE homeodomain proteins include the PBC and the MEINOX sub-families. MEINOX proteins form heterodimer complexes with PBC proteins. Heterodimerization is crucial to DNA binding and for nuclear localization. The PKNOX/ PREP has two members in mice and humans‚ known as PKNOX1/ PREP1 and PKNOX2/ PREP2. Sequence comparisons indicate that PREP1 and PREP2 define a novel sub-family of MEINOX proteins. PKNOX1 is composed
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things. Chapter three is all about how molecule machines operate a cell. According to the book‚ these molecules are mostly made up of proteins and proteins carry out chemical reactions. They are very multitalented but they typically have one use or at most a very little. Each cell has thousands and thousands of proteins; there can be from 50 to 1‚000 proteins in a single chain. These chains come in various lengths and every link has very different properties. Some may have a positive charge and
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cell that produced them e.g. enzymes in respiration & photosynthesis -Others are “extracellular”-they act outside the cells that produce them e.g. digestive enzymes STRUCTURE: -made of proteins‚ folded so they have a specific active site. -many enzymes also require a non-protein “cofactor”‚ in addition‚ to act‚ e.g. metallic ions as: iron‚ copper‚ calcium‚ magnesium. -Co-enzyme: when the cofactor that acts with the enzyme to alter reaction rate‚ is an organic compound [e.g. vitamin]
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When a cell (or its plasma membrane) is severely damaged‚ the membrane becomes permeable to virtually everything‚ and substances flow into and out of the cell freely. This phenomenon is evident when someone has been severely burned. Precious fluids‚ proteins‚ and ions "weep" from the damaged cells. 3.3 Hypertonic solutions are sometimes infused intravenously into the bloodstream of patients who are edematous (swollen because their tissues retain water). This is done to draw excess water out of the
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