Capital Structure Decisions: Which Factors Are Reliably Important? Murray Z. Frank and Vidhan K. Goyal∗ This paper examines the relative importance of many factors in the capital structure decisions of publicly traded American firms from 1950 to 2003. The most reliable factors for explaining market leverage are: median industry leverage (+ effect on leverage)‚ market-to-book assets ratio (−)‚ tangibility (+)‚ profits (−)‚ log of assets (+)‚ and expected inflation (+). In addition‚ we find
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Decision-making is an essential aspect of modern management. It is a primary function of management. A manager’s major job is sound/rational decision-making. He takes hundreds of decisions consciously and subconsciously. Decision-making is the key part of manager’s activities. Decisions are important as they determine both managerial and organizational actions. A decision may be defined as "a course of action which is consciously chosen from among a set of alternatives to achieve a desired result
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Arthur Schopenhauer Overview: Arthur Schopenhauer is a German philosopher who was born on February 22nd‚ 1788 and died on September 21st‚ 1860. He was born in the city of Danzig but later moved to the city of Hamburg where he became interested in studying metaphysics‚ ethics and psychology. Schopenhauer is known as the philosopher of Pessimism because he created a theory that challenged the value of existence. Schopenhauer’s main focus was on individual motivation ‘the will’ and how human desires
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Arthur Andersen’s Troubles 1. Arthur Anderson (AA) should have been able to help prevent to some extent the Enron disaster‚ however‚ they either missed or ignored Enron’s manipulations allowing the fraud to continue as long as it did. AA contributed to the disaster by approving the structure of many Special Purpose Entities (SPE)‚ which Enron used for off-balance sheet financing. The SPEs did not meet the requirements of an independent company and should have been consolidated with Enron’s
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The documentary "What the Health" Kip Andersen has introduced to us the secret to preventing and reversing chronic diseases. There are many facts mentioned in this documentary about the several illnesses many humans can develop. This can be due to the way they consume food‚ the way the food was made‚ or the way it was sold to them in fast food restaurants. The nation’s leading health organizations must have something to do with the developments of these chronic diseases especially since there may
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Explore the ways in which Hill creates sympathy for Arthur as the hero of the Woman in Black Key to the success of TWiB is Hill’s expertise in encouraging the reader to identify with the main character‚ Arthur Kipps. She achieves this by stimulating feelings of sympathy towards Arthur. Some of the ways in which she does this are by using a variety of different methods such as a range of structural devices‚ detailed descriptions of the setting‚ the central theme of fear and the change in Arthur’s
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Faulty Organizational Behavior in Tyco International Ltd LDR/531 Faulty Organizational Behavior in Tyco International Ltd Most employees travel to and from the workplace each day with the ultimate goal to successfully perform their assigned job according to company standards. These company standards may include agendas‚ mission statements‚ professional conduct guidelines and even a code of ethics. How employees choose to follow company standards may govern their overall progress or success.
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story was written. Hans Christian Andersen wrote the Little Mermaid in 1837. This is around the time that Europe was going through some significant changes. Charles Darwin’s Theory of Evolution was coming to light‚ Napoleon Bonaparte was ruling‚ and women’s role in society wasn’t veryu evolved (Teacher Web par. 1) All of these events going on affected Andersen’s writing in some way‚ his alternate universe could have
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FAULTY VISION AND HEARING IN THE NOVELS OF ANNE TYLER A Dissertation Submitted to the School of Graduate Studies and Research in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements of the Degree Doctor of Philosophy Angelique Hobbs Medvesky Indiana University of Pennsylvania December 2008 © 2008 by Angelique Hobbs Medvesky All Rights Reserved ii Indiana University of Pennsylvania The School of Graduate Studies and Research Department of English We hereby approve the dissertation of Angelique
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Were there endemic weaknesses which explain the defeat of the Third Reich? In the aftermath of the Second War‚ historians- their judgement clearer with the benefit of hindsight- have clamoured to give their accounts of why Hitler’s Third Reich was defeated‚ often pointing to structural failings within the state. Nazi Germany’s downfall was not inevitable‚ though‚ and indeed for over two years‚ between the summer of 1940 and autumn of 1942‚ the outcome of the war was far from certain. Yet‚ just
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