roles of mitotic cell division‚ meiosis‚ and fertilization in the human life cycle. Mitosis allows for growth and repair from the fertilized egg to the adult. In reproductively mature individuals‚ meiosis creates gametes with half the genetic material. The male gamete then fertilizes the female gamete during sexual reproduction‚ forming a zygote with a full set of genetic material. 2. Why are both cell division and apoptosis necessary for the development of an organism? Cell division is needed
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Living Environment/Biology A Tour of the Cell CellsTissuesOrgansOrgan SystemsOrganisms *Cells are made up of smaller functional parts known as cell organelles (little organs). Cell organelles are specialized cell structures that perform specialized jobs in the cell.* 1. Cytoplasm- *Jelly-like substance inside of the cell 2. Mitochondria- *In cellular respiration oxygen is used to extract energy from sugars‚ fats‚ and other nutrients 3. Cell membrane- *It is a selectively permeable
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Cell Organelles Nucleus Its function is to control the cell’s activities and retain the chromosomes. The nucleus is bound by a double membrane‚ the nuclear envelope. The nuclear envelope has pores in it to allow the transport of mRNA. The cytoplasm like material is called nucleoplasm which contains chromatin (coils of DNA and histone proteins)‚ it is chromatin that condenses to form chromosomes during cell division. Within the nucleus is a small spherical body called the nucleolus which
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Chapter 6: A Tour of the Cell Cell fractionation – cells are taken apart using a centrifuge (differential centrifugation) and separated into their sub cellular structures Point of Difference | Eukaryotic | Prokaryotic | Shape/Size | Larger | Smaller | Complexity | Membrane bounded organelles | No membrane bound organelles | Nucleus | Bounded membrane with DNA | DNA in a region (nucleoid) | Kingdom | Plants‚ animals‚ fungi‚ protists | Bacteria and archaea | Reproduction | Sexual reproduction
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6 200 0.8 Group B 11.9 220 3.2 Which of the following statements is correct? A. Results from group B are more accurate because more athletes were tested. B. Results from group B are more reliable because it has a higher standard deviation. C. More athletes have their hemoglobin concentration close to the mean in group A than in group B. D. These results indicate that the level of hemoglobin follows a normal distribution. (Total 1 mark) 2. Which hypothesis can be tested using the t-test
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microorganisms. Their cell structure is unique in that they don’t have a nucleus and most bacteria have cell walls similar to plant cells. They come in all sorts of shapes including rods‚ spirals‚ and spheres. Some bacteria can "swim" around using long tails called flagella. Others just hang out or glide along. Are bacteria dangerous? Most bacteria aren’t dangerous‚ but some are and can make us sick. These bacteria are called Pathogens. Pathogens can cause diseases in animals and plants. Some examples
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Cell division consists of two processes: mitosis and cytokinesis. Mitosis— division of the nucleus and its chromosomes— is divided into five phases:prophase‚ prometaphase‚ metaphase‚ anaphase‚ and telophase. Mitosis is followed by cytokinesis‚ when the cytoplasm splits to form two separate daughter cells. The cytoplasm of a cell in late interphase contains two centrosomes‚ each of which may contain a pair of centrioles. In the nucleus‚ the chromosomeshave been replicated during S phase‚ but are
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The prokaryotic cell precedes any forms of Bacteria‚ Archaea‚ and eventually Eukaryotes by approximately two billion years. This cell was the original life form on the planet and represents the smallest and least complex of all organisms. Through the process of mutation and adaptation they were able to survive to evolve into our modern day Bacteria‚ Archaea‚ Fungi and Protists. These post organisms have benefited from their early ancestor‚ by way of Endosymbiosis. Intricate protest and fungi are
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Cell Transformation Cell transformation is when a cell takes in DNA from the outside of the cell. It then becomes a component of the cell’s DNA. There are three different ways in transforming the cells. There is transforming bacteria‚ transforming plant cells‚ and transforming animal cells. The purpose of cell transformation is to introduce a foreign plasmid in order to make large quantities of it. In transforming bacteria‚ a foreign DNA is first joined to a small circular DNA molecule known
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microscope. 2. To study the cell structure of starch grains‚ onion cells and cheek cells. 3. To differentiate the difference between starch grains‚ onion cells and cheek cells. Introduction: Microscope is an optical instrument use to magnify micro objects that hardly or impossible to be observed by naked eyes‚ so that the objects can be studied. Compound light microscope is one of the microscopes that is often used. It has a lens or a combination of lenses which magnifies objects‚ and a variety
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