FORMULAS & NUMERICAL PROBLEMS RELATED TO MEASUREMENT OF NATIONAL INCOME MEASUREMENT OF NATIONAL INCOME INCOME METHOD 1. EXPENDITURE METHOD PRODUCT METHOD INCOME METHOD : Net Domestic Product At Factor Cost = Compensation Of Employees + Operating Surplus + Mixed Income of Self Employed 1 WAGES & SALARIES CASH AS WELL AS KIND + * COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES 2 SOCIAL SECURITY CONTRIBUTION BY THE EMPLOYER + 3 RETIREMENT PENSION 1 RENT + * OPERATING SURPLUS 2
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acquirer‚ during his education‚ study or apprenticeship‚ always costs a real expense‚ which is a capital fixed and realized‚ as it were in his person. Those talents‚ as it makes a part of his fortune‚ so do they likewise to that of the society to which he belongs. The improved dexterity of a workman may be considered in the same light as the machine or instrument of trade which facilitates and bridges labor and which‚ though it costs a certain expense‚ repays that expense with a profit. Therefore‚ the
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Economic Sustainability The business of staying in business Deborah Doane & Alex MacGillivray New Economics Foundation March 2001 Executive Summary Although sustainability is now generally understood to be a combination of environmental‚ social and economic performance‚ this report finds that economic sustainability is the most elusive component of the “triple bottom line” approach. There is not even universal consensus that businesses should be economically sustainable‚
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Definition of Mixed Economy Mixed economy means that part of economy is left to the free market and the other part is run by the government. In reality‚ most economic are mixed economy with varying degrees of state intervention. Mixed economies start from the basic of following private enterprise to run most business. There have the country which practises mixed economy such as Sweden‚ Iceland‚ United Kingdom‚ Russia‚ China‚ Hong Kong and many more. All this country economy is manage by government
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study of man. But economic anthropology corresponds to one of fields of anthropology which is known as ‘cultural anthropology’ – the study of human culture and behavior across cultures. It describes and explains human condition across all cultures and times. Economic anthropology is the study of the economic aspects of cultures. This subfield of cultural anthropology examines the relationships between systems of production‚ distribution and the socio-cultural matrix in which economic life is embedded
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Role of Commercial Banks in Economic Development According to Kent: “An organization whose principal operations are concerned with the accumulation of the temporarily idle money of the general public for the purpose of advancing to others for expenditure.” Various economists have different views about the role of commercial banks in economic development. Schumpeter says‚ “It is the banking system which serves as a key agent along with the entrepreneur in the process of economic development”
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[Pick the date] | Home | development | Economic development‚ achieved largely through productivity growth‚ is very important to both developed and developing nations. However‚ even though we know that higher productivity leads to improved economic outcomes there has been no consensus among researchers about either the desired path of development or the role of state in economic development. Concerning the path of development‚ Lall (2001) says that the appropriate strategy for any
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MANAGEMENT‚ ECONOMICS AND DECISION-MAKING MANAGEMENT * Making decisions * Choosing between alternatives * Making choices based on economic analysis and evaluation MANAGER * Anyone who participates in and affects the decision-making process‚ regardless of how informal and unstructured that process might be * Someone who is engaged in a decision involving choice and utilizes some form of economic evaluation REASON FOR STUDYING MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS * Because
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then planned investment may fall and some capital investment projects may be scrapped even when interest rates are fairly low. | Anticipated inflation | Anticipated inflation is expectations about future price rises which households & firms use when planning economic decisions | Automatic stabilisers | Automatic fiscal changes are changes in tax revenues and government spending arising
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ONE THE NATURE AND METHOD OF ECONOMICS CHAPTER OVERVIEW This chapter begins with a discussion of the meaning and importance of economics. In this first chapter‚ however‚ we will not plunge into problems and issues; instead we consider some important preliminaries. We first look at the economic perspective—how economists think about problems. Next‚ we state some of the benefits of studying economics. Then‚ we examine the specific methods economists use to examine economic behavior and the economy‚ distinguishing
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